The protein content in egg contributes effectively to the fulfilment of nutrients in daily life at an affordable price and acceptable organoleptic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of anti-caking agent addition (maltodextrin and tricalcium phosphate) on the quality and functional properties of salted duck egg powder. Addition of 2% maltodextrin increased the moisture content in salted duck egg powders as much 36% compared to the control. 2% TCP incorporation decreased the moisture content up to 54%, could not maintain the emulsion stability, but it increased the emulsion activity. There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) on the parameter of foaming capacity and foaming stability. Anticaking agent maltodextrin and TCP did not affect the water holding capacity of all four salted duck eggs powder. However, maltodextrin addition slightly increased the oil holding capacity. Due to the functional properties of emulsification, foaming, water and oil binding, salted duck egg powders are potentially utilized for the complementary of a large number of food products with its characteristics of longer shelf life and specific flavor.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of adding different levels of red pepper oil to quail diets on performance, slaughtering characteristics, and some serum parameters. For this purpose, a total of 300-day-old and mixed-sex quail chicks were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 6 replications of 12 chicks each. Experimental animals were fed for 35 days with 5 different diets prepared by adding 0, 300, 600, 900 or 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil. During the experiment, quails were given ad-libitum feed and water. According to the results of the experiment, the effect of adding red pepper oil to the diet on the performance, carcass traits and visceral weights of the quails was statistically insignificant. Triglyceride and TAS concentrations of serum were significantly affected by the addition of red pepper oil to the diet. The highest triglyceride and TAS levels in the group with 300 mg/kg red pepper oil added; however, the lowest triglyceride and TAS levels were obtained in the groups supplemented with 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil, respectively. According to this study findings, it can be said that the addition of red pepper oil to the diet in growing quails has a positive effect on serum triglyceride and TAS values when used between 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg in the diet, without adverse effects on performance and carcass characteristics.

Ethylene insensitive-3 (EIN3) / Ethylene insensitive-3-like (EIL) protein family is a small family of transcription factors specific to plants that play role in plant growth and development under various environmental conditions. In this study, various bioinformatics approaches were used to make an in-depth identification of the EIN3/EIL family at both the gene and protein levels. So, 11 Pvul-EIL genes were identified and their approximate locations were determined. Various biochemical and physicochemical properties of EIL proteins in Phaseolus vulgaris have been described. It was determined that Pvul-EIL proteins had a length of 447-651 amino acids and a molecular weight of 51.08-70.68 kDa. All duplications occurring in the Pvul-EIL genome were segmental type. It was observed that conserved motif, gene structure and phylogeny analyses all yielded similar results. For instance, it has been understood that genes with same motif type and number have similar gene structures and were located under the same branch in the phylogenetic tree. Pvul-EIL protein homology modeling showed that DNA binding properties and protein structure were similar to Arabidopsis EIN3. According to cis-element analysis, Pvul-EIL genes are engaged in a wide range of functions, including tissue-specific, stress, and hormone-sensitive expression. Additionally, RNAseq data was used to perform a comparative expression analysis of EIL genes. Various Pvul-EIL gene expression levels were detected under salt and drought stress. This is the first study to check the gene expression levels in P. vulgaris using in-silico detection and characterization of EIL genes. Therefore, obtained results can form the basis for future studies.

For commercial aquaculture, the obtainment of all-female salmonid populations is important in fish farms. After freezing process, variable spermatozoa maturity, higher sperm concentration, low sperm quality, and reduced fertilization success have been observed in sex-reversed female rainbow trout. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to assess effect of dilution rate and supplementation of a N-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)-Glycine (MPG)-based extender on sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sex-reversed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The supplementation of MPG [0 (control, 0), 1 mM; 2 mM; 4 mM] to extenders and dilution ratio (1:9, 1:15 and 1:25) were tested in sex-reversed female rainbow trout spermatozoa during cryopreservation. For thawing, the straws (0.5 ml) were placed in a water bath at 37°C for 30 s. Our results showed that the best concentration of MPG was 2 mM for post-thaw motility duration (120.67±9.07%), fertilization (62.67±3.10%) and hatching rate (54.33±3.10%) at 1:15 dilution rate. Overall, MPG provided improvements during cryopreservation process and could be used as protective agent.

This study analyzed the proximate, minerals, phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacity of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants and Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore leaf meals as potential feed additives. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that C. crepidioides contained higher moisture (6.66%), ash (21.04%), crude fibre (3.85%), crude fat (5.41%), crude protein (17.11%) contents and lower carbohydrate content (45.60%) than D. ambrosioide leaf powder which had 6.31% moisture, 13.69% ash, 3.09% crude fibre, 4.48% crude fat, 15.99% crude protein and 56.12% carbohydrate. The result of the mineral analysis showed that D. ambrosioides contained higher concentration of sodium (19.8ppm), potassium (51.05ppm), calcium (29.18ppm), magnesium (24.1ppm), iron (0.42ppm) manganese (0.33ppm) and zinc (0.91ppm) compared to C. crepidioides leaf meal at sodium (18.71ppm), potassium (41.87ppm), calcium (25.77ppm), magnesium (20.34ppm), iron (0.28ppm) manganese (0.13ppm) and zinc (0.36ppm). The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed that aqueous extract of C. crepidoides possessed higher total phenolic (13.34 mgGAE/g) and flavonoid (2.29 mgrutin/g)) contents than that of D. ambrosioides at (13.07 mgGAE/g) and (1.62 mgrutin/g) respectively. The Tannin and phytate contents were significantly higher in D. ambrosioides leaf meal at 2.39mg/g and 40.28 mg/g respectively, compared to that of C. crepidioides at 2.12mg/g and 29.4mg/g, respectively. The aqueous extract of D. ambrosioides exhibited higher that antioxidant free radical scavenging activity (24.83%) than that of C. crepidioides (16.42%). In conclusion, this study has shown that these two vegetables contained nutrients and antioxidant and could be used as alternative feed additives in animal nutrition.

Research is achieved for the sake of contribution towards science and getting information systematically, starting from the collection of data, passing through interpretation and final evaluation of these data and all that, in an organized manner which is called scientific research. Biotechnology includes the application both of older biological knowledge, which is based on structures, functioning, and development of animals and plants in their ecological setting, and of newer approaches, which are based on an understanding of genetics and on the cellular and subcellular processes. The development of biotechnology has given society an awesome new power and an equally awesome responsibility to use it wisely. Biotechnology is being applied in different areas of science such as agriculture, health, the environment, and many other aspects of science and industry. Most of these applications and developments are centered in the developed countries and the research is established by these notions. Currently, it has been obvious that biotechnology is crucial for notion’s economic growth and sustainable development. Yemen, as one of the most developing countries, is suffering to emerge molecular biotechnology research in universities and research units. This is because of many aspects that affect the soceity, goverment, and ultimatly the entire country, including society, human resources, facilities, infrastructure and environment resources, and stability. To conclude, the researchers in Yemen are surrounding by many challenges, which are starting in society and ending up in the laboratory. The research has very low priority on a long list of priorities such as food, stability, security, and healthcare. All the challenges can be solved, but it will need a more educated society and serious government policy toward research as a tool to build a strong society.

Our current research aimed to investigate the impacts of the use of indigenous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with different amounts of Lachancea thermotolerans yeasts in mixed culture on the general composition, aroma compounds, sensory analysis and yeast growth of cv. Emir wine. The utilization of L. thermotolerans in mixed cultures reduced the total acidity of wines from 5.40 to 5.19 g/L (as tartaric acid). The acidity of high acid grapes musts obtained from various viticulture areas can be relatively decreased in wine production. In addition, there may be a slight decrease in the amount of ethyl alcohol. On the other hand, increasing the inoculum level of L. thermotolerans led to an increase in the amount of higher alcohols. However, the concentration of esters declined with the higher inoculum levels. According to the sensory evaluation, the most preferred wine was the one obtained with co-inoculation of S. cerevisiae and L. thermotolerans strains at the level of 5×106 and 1×108 cells/mL, respectively. As a result, it can be said that the use of L. thermotolerans yeast in different inoculum levels has a positive effect on wine fermentation.

The congenital disability, atresia ani or atresia ani et recti or recto-vaginal fistula, is one of the most common types of congenital malformation disability. A 45-day-old male cross-breed calf was admitted to Patuakhali Science and Technology University's Veterinary Teaching Hospital with complaints of leaking feces through the umbilicus and was clinically confirmed as a recto-umbilicus fistula. This congenital condition was corrected successfully by making an artificial opening in the lower right abdominal wall. Corrective surgery was the only successful technique for repairing the recto-umbilicus fistula. The prognosis for surgical correction of the recto-umbilicus fistula in a cross-breed calf was indicated to be good.

The paper presents tests connected to the torrefaction of agro-biomass residues as a case of biomass valorisation. The aim of the work is to compare the changes in energy and chemical properties of millet stalk (Panicum miliaceum L.) before and after the torrefaction process. The torrefaction of the millet stalk was done by using a scale reactor in two temperatures, 275oC and 300oC, in an N2 atmosphere. The millet stalk torrefied at 300oC has more promising parameters, i.e., higher heating value HHV 24,57 MJ/kg, the content of carbon 64,90% and energy density 1,42 compering to biochar produced at 275oC - 22,57 MJ/kg, 60,90% and 1,31 respectively. The results showed that torrefaction improves the parameters of the millet stalk for higher-quality biofuel, which can be used for heat generation.

Non-porous materials like cellulose and starch can be extracted from agro- industrial wastes and incorporated with nanoparticles for effective biotechnological purposes. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNps), silver-cellulose nanoparticles (AgNps-C) and silver-starch nanoparticles (AgNps-S) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify viable biomolecules involved in capping and active stabilization of AgNps. Average sizes and morphologies of AgNps, AgNps-C and AgNps-S were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the percentage composition of each element was investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S was tested against multiple antibiotic resistance microorganisms isolated from fish and meat. Zones of inhibition displayed by AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S ranged from 8.00 to 13.30 mm and 5.00 to 10.30 mm, respectively. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for AgNPs-C and AgNPS-S ranged from 125 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. AgNPS-S and AgNPs-C inhibited the growth of microorganisms associated with spoilage of fish and meat. The bio-applications of AgNP –C and AgNP-S can be exploited in food industries as preservative agent or incorporated to packaging materials to elongate the shelf life of food products and reduce the side effects attributed to chemical preservative agents.