The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of ultrasound application on the probiotic characteristics and antioxidant activity of yeasts. In this context, the pH changes, probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of K. marxianus (Km), S. boulardii (Sb) and S. cerevisiae (Sc) were determined by ultrasound application at different durations (5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes at 24 kHz). The lowest pH values were determined for cultures of Km (ultrasound non-applied K. marxianus), Sb-30 (30 min. ultrasound applied S. boulardii) and Sc-5 (5 min. ultrasound applied S. cerevisiae) as 4.48, 5.15 and 5.26, respectively. The hydrophobicity values of the yeast strains varied between 6% and 24%, increased with ultrasound application. Although S. boulardii had the highest tolerance to low pH and bile salts, the resistance of all yeast to low pH and bile salts decreased with ultrasound application. K. marxianus had the least survival under in vitro conditions, but ultrasound application increased survival of K. marxianus strains and slightly affected the survival rate of S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae. Increasing of duration time of ultrasound application resulted higher antioxidant activity and so the highest antioxidant activity was determined for Sb-60. Finally, ultrasound application could be used for the development of hydrophobicity and antioxidant properties of yeast cultures.

Bu araştırma, fesleğen bitki ekstraktının (O. basilicum odoratum) Kınalı keklik yumurtalarının inkübasyonunda kullanımının (Alectoris chukar) prenatal ve yeni çıkımı içeren postnatal dönemlerde olmak üzere, kuluçka sonuçları ile keklik davranışlarına etkisinin araştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 14 haftalık yaştaki kekliklerden elde edilen 160 adet yumurta kullanılmıştır. Yumurtalar inkübasyon sırasında püskürtme şeklinde uygulanan fesleğen kullanımına göre; püskürtme uygulanmayan kontrol (K), püskürtme uygulananlar saf su (F0), %1 ekstrakt (F1) ve % 5 ekstrakt (F5) şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Grupların (K, F0, F1 ve F5) kuluçka randımanları sırasıyla %70,66±1,51, %75,00±0,01, %78,33±2,88 ve %81,00±1,00 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çıkım gücü ise en yüksek %98,41 ±1,12 ile F5 de, en düşük %93,00±1,00 ile K grubundadır. Çıkım ağırlığı üzerine etki gözlenmemiştir. F5 grubunda en yüksek Tona (98,92±0,23) ve Pasgar (9,57±0,08) skorları elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada açık alan testin uygulanan civcivlerin merkezde geçirdikleri süre değerleri sırasıyla F1’de %3,64±0,11, F0’da %3,67±0,11, K’de %4,60±0,23 ve F5’de %5,71±0,14 olarak hesaplanmış, civcivlerin pist skor değerleri ise sırasıyla K’de 1,33±0,57, F0’da 2,23±0,27, F1’de 2,66±0,57 ve F5’te ise 3,66±0,57 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak keklik yumurtalarına %5’lik fesleğen bitki ekstraktı uygulamasının kuluçka randımanı ve çıkım gücünü artırdığı, malformasyon oranını düşürdüğü, civciv kalitesi üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca açık alan ve pist davranış testleri sonuçlarına göre yeni çıkan civcivlerde korku ve stresi azaltma potansiyeli görülmüştür.

The present study investigated the effect of starvation periods on growth performance, feed cost, and water quality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two different starvation methods were implemented, with an average weight of 120.69±3.47g over a 45-day trial. Group D1 was subjected to a 1-day fasting/2-day feeding regimen, whereas Group D2 adopted a 2-day fasting/1-day feeding regimen. The control group (C) was fed twice daily to satiation. At the end of the trial, the average weight of the fish was 200.88±14.62g in the control group, 189.11±21.05g in Group D1, and 130.04±10.49g in Group D2. The specific growth rates were 1.13±0.08% (C), 1.00±0.05% (D1), and 0.17±0.06% (D2), respectively. Feed conversion ratios were 1.81±0.01 (C), 1.32±0.02 (D1), and 4.43±0.05 (D2), respectively. There were significant differences between the control group and Groups D1 and D2 in terms of dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and pH values of the water. Group D2 yielded lower feed costs due to reduced feed usage. The average weight gain analysis showed that the unit feed cost of Group D2 was 3.4-fold higher than that of Group D1 and 2.5-fold higher than that of the control group. The application of starvation periods in feeding common carp had significant effects on the growth, feed utilization, water quality, and feed cost.

Haor regions are inhabited by one of the most economically disadvantaged communities, which rely on agriculture and endure numerous challenges due to its vulnerability. This article analyzes the data obtained from Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which were subsequently connected to prior publications to identify the nature of the agricultural land-related problems in the Netrokona Haor basin. Multiple concerns and their nature have been uncovered through the examination. Among those, difficulties in irrigation systems pose the greatest challenge for regional producers. Additional challenges encompass land fragmentation, pollution, erosion, fishing-related concerns, drainage infrastructure, and flood. This study discusses probable solutions with the directive to new research that claims collaborative venture through government and private agencies. Carefully designed research-based policy framework prioritizing strict implementation of existing laws is crucial to effectively mitigate the problem.

The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the seasonal changes in births of Anatolian buffaloes, ii) to examine the changes of some milk [lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL)] and fertility [first calving age (FCA) and calving interval (CI)] according to seasons and iii) to investigate the effects of seasons on the growth traits of calves [birth weight (BW0), live weight at 6 mo (LW6) and live weight at 12 mo (LW12)]. A total of 8614 to 15605 yield records were evaluated including milk yield and fertility traits of buffalo cows and growth traits of calves between 2012 and 2023. The mean temperature, relative humidity, the duration of sunshine, and temperature humidity index (THI) values were calculated for these years. While the highest birth rate was observed in the summer season (34.27%), the lowest birth rate was determined in the winter season (11.99%). The BW0, LW6 and LW12, LMY, LL, FCA, and CI values of the calves were determined as 30.8±0.04 kg, 107.6±0.23 kg, 172.6±0.27 kg, 994.7±2.05 kg, 262.6±0.22 d 1175.5±3.46 d and 561.7±1.84 d, respectively. Except for CI, all characteristics were significantly affected by seasonal changes (P<0.001). The growth traits of the calves born in autumn were higher than the other seasons. The LMY values in spring and winter were higher than those determined in the different seasons. Also, the highest FCA was obtained in heifers born in the winter. It was concluded that the season could affect both some fertility and milk yield characteristics of buffalo cows and the growth performance of calves.

In this study, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Percent of Normal Index (PNI) values were found in order to determine the drought conditions between 2012-2020 in Ankara province. Drought severity interpretations were made according to the index values obtained and these values were evaluated together with some grain yields grown in the region. Separate regression analysis was performed between the different drought index values obtained within the scope of the study and the irrigated and dry agricultural yield values of wheat, barley and triticale. According to the index values calculated between 2012 and 2020 according to the SPI method, drought conditions are generally close to normal in the region. According to the PNI values, it was determined that 2013 had mildly dry conditions and other years had near-normal drought conditions. According to both indices, a drought close to normal was observed during the research period. In the regression analysis made according to wheat, barley and triticale yields, the highest linearity was obtained in barley, and values close to barley were found in triticale. Wheat is the cereal with the lowest linearity. The regression coefficients obtained as 0.4294 for barley, 0.3331 for triticale, and 0.0502 for wheat were found to be 0.0584 for SPI and 0.0013 for PNI. According to the results obtained, it can be said that statistically linearity is in barley and triticale. In average yields, an increase of 47% in wheat, 55% in barley and 34% in triticale was observed with irrigation. In order to ensure sustainable grain cultivation in drought conditions, it is recommended to expand modern irrigation practices in coordination with drought analysis studies and to increase scientific studies on this subject.

As the organic agriculture sector grows, the need for standards, inspection, and certification systems to ensure trust in organic products increases. Organic agriculture revolves around standards that determine the practices that farmers must follow. These standards also create a plan for inspection and certification systems. These systems are the cornerstone of ensuring reliability in the organic agriculture sector. This study has been prepared to evaluate the inspection and certification systems within the framework of the sense of trust, which is a critical issue in the organic agriculture sector from farm to fork. The focus of this framework is to ensure that inspection and certification systems keep the principles of organic agriculture intact from farm to fork. This is because these systems are necessary to build trust, access markets, increase consumer confidence and support fair and ethical practices in the sector. However, it is suggested that areas such as facilitating accessible inspection and certification for small-scale farmers, improving consumer education and promoting cooperation for global standards should be studied as potential areas.

Basma tipi tütünler sigara harmanlarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma Tokat-Kazova şartlarında Türkiye Tohum Gen Bankasından (TGB) alınan üstün özellikli bazı basma tipi tütün hatlarının performanslarının belirlenmesi amacıyla iki yıl (2021 ve 2022) süreyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 10 basma tipi tütün hattı (TGB46668, TGB46673, TGB46674, TGB46675, TGB46721, TGB46722, TGB46723, TGB46724, TGB46730 ve TGB46743) ve iki standart tütün çeşidi (Erbasma ve Xanthi-81) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada; bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak eni, yaprak boyu, kuru yaprak verimi, nikotin oranı, indirgen şeker oranı ve randıman parametreleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler arasındaki farkların tamamı istatistiki olarak önemli (p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca incelenen hatlar başta kuru yaprak verimi olmak üzere pek çok parametre bakımından standart çeşitlerden daha yüksek performans göstermiştir. Kuru yaprak verimi bakımından TGB46668 (223,85 kg/da), TGB46722 (219,79 kg/da), TGB46721 (213,01 kg/da) ve TGB46730 (211,7 kg/da) hatları öne çıkmıştır. Randıman değerlerine göre ise TGB46743 (%55,47), TGB46675 (%54,96) ve TGB46721 (%53,59) hatlarının daha kaliteli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. TGB46721 hattının verim ve kalite bakımından basma üretim alanlarında kendine yer bulabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca incelenen hatlar yeni çeşit geliştirmeye yönelik ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılabilecektir.

The discipline of landscape architecture plays an important role in many environmental issues such as increasing green areas in urban areas, supporting biodiversity, and managing water resources. This study was conducted to determine the environmental awareness levels of landscape architecture students in Turkey and to understand how educational programs affect this awareness. In the study, first of all, all universities and faculties providing undergraduate landscape architecture education in Turkey were examined, and then landscape architecture departments in different universities and faculties were included in the scope of the research. Surveys were administered to students studying in the landscape architecture departments of the specified faculties to measure their environmental awareness levels. In addition, it was analyzed how the courses taken by landscape architecture students affected their environmental awareness. Thus, effective strategies were developed and suggestions were presented to increase environmental awareness in landscape architecture education.

Bu çalışmada Bursa ili Karacabey ilçesinde hastalıklardan ari 550 baş sağmal kapasiteye sahip özel bir işletmede yetiştirilen Almanya ve Avusturya orijinli 494 baş Simmental (SIM) ırkı sığırın dış görünüş özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Dış görünüş özelliklerinden beden yapısına ait Sağrı yüksekliği (SY), Sağrı uzunluğu (SU), Sağrı eğimi (SE), Sağrı genişliği (SG), Omuz-bel uzunluğu (OBU), Beden derinliği (BD), Göğüs genişliği (GG) ve Kaslılık (K), meme yapısına ait Ön meme bağlantısı (ÖMB), Ön meme başı uzunluğu (ÖMBU), Ön meme başı kalınlığı (ÖBK), Ön meme başı yerleşimi (ÖMBY), Memenin önden görünümü (MÖG), Memenin baldırdan görünümü (MBG), Meme taban yüksekliği (MTY), Meme merkez bağı (MMB), Meme başı yönü (MBY), Arka meme başı pozisyonu (AMBP), Arka meme başı yerleşimi (AMBY), Arka meme yüksekliği (AMYU), ayak bacak yapısına ait olarak da Arka bacak açısı (ABA), Diz yapısı (DY), Tırnak açısı (TA), Tırnak taban yüksekliği (TTY) ve Bilek açısı (BAç) özelliklerine ait genel ortalama puanlar sırasıyla 142,73±0,207 cm, 43,66±0,164 cm, 5,13±0,039, 20,02±0,114 cm, 85,15±0,384 cm, 75,31±0,194 cm, 5,76±0,033, 5,41±0,038, 5,23±0,055, 5,47±0,060 cm, 3,49±0,025 cm, 4,01±0,043, 5,44±0,043, 5,11±0,041, 3,40±0,059, 4,66±0,066, 4,49±0,045, 4,62±0,048, 4,80±0,057, 5,60±0,049, 4,89±0,041, 4,94±0,050, 4,29±0,033, 4,31±0,32 cm ve 5,57±0,035 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, SIM ırkı sığırların BD, MTY, ABA, TTY ve TA özelliklerine ait literatürde bildirilen değerler ile bu çalışmada elde edile ortalamalar arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunduğu belirlenmiş, bu farklılıkların süt verimi yükseltilmiş Almanya ve Avusturya orijinli SIM genotipinden ve işletme koşullarından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.