This research was conducted to determine the presence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) that can cause infection in rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in Konya province. For this purpose, field and laboratory studies were carried out in areas where roses are mostly grown for landscaping purposes, and infection rates were calculated with the data obtained. The hypothesis of the study is that roses in Konya province may be infected with PNRSV and ApMV and the presence of these viruses can be determined. In line with this hypothesis, various rose growing areas in Konya province were selected as the research area. During the field studies in 2023, guided sampling was carried out and 94 leaf, branch and flower samples were collected from different rose varieties. The collected samples were tested for determining of PNRSV and ApMV infections by Double Antibody Sandwich (DAS) ELISA method, which is one of the serological testing methods in the laboratory. As a result of the tests, it was revealed that the single infections of PNRSV and ApMV were present in 12 and 11 samples of rose plants in Konya province. The total infection rate of both viruses in the province was calculated as 24.47%. Also, PNRSV+ApMV mixed infections were detected in 2 samples. In this study, the infections of PNRSV and ApMV on roses in Konya province were determined for the first time by serological methods. These results will serve as an important source of information for rose producers and agricultural engineers in the region and will allow the development of strategies to control the spread of viruses and minimize infections.

In today's marketing processes, knowing what consumers want plays an active role in shaping the products businesses offer and gaining a competitive advantage. This study aims to obtain a guiding result for companies in this sector by questioning the knowledge levels of consumers regarding honey products. The study aims to reveal the uncertainties in consumer perception between natural and organic honey and examine this distinction's impact on purchasing decisions. The research seeks to create more informed consumer preferences in the honey market and to show the contributions of positioning the product correctly in the minds of consumers. In this study, content analysis was conducted to determine the responses of 117 participants to the statement, “There is a difference between natural honey and organic honey, and I have information about what this difference is.” After the analysis, the study is shaped by dividing consumers into four categories according to their level of knowledge about honey. The qualitative research aims to obtain comprehensive information on the participants' awareness of natural and organic honey. The study results show that the concepts of natural and organic honey can be confused by consumers, and the difference between these two products cannot be fully conveyed. This result shows that organic honey businesses and regulatory organizations should inform consumers more accurately and clearly through marketing communication efforts in marketing their products. In the study, recommendations are presented to consumers and businesses based on the results of the qualitative analysis, and the methods that companies should apply to overcome the deficiencies in consumer perception of the distinction between natural and organic honey are included.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of palm oil, African walnut oil and their blends on hematological, inflammatory, and some oxidative stress markers in high fat diet (HFD) obese-induced Wistar rats. Obesity was induced for 60 days and treated for 28 days using edible oils [palm oil, African walnut oil, palm oil: African walnut oil (50:50) and palm oil : African walnut oil (60:40)] and orlistat (10 mg/Kg). Thereafter the animals were sacrificed, blood was collected for hematological studies and the preparation of the serum, while the organs harvested were used to prepare organ homogenates. Serum and organ homogenates were used for the evaluation of inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Results showed that the oils utilized were confirmed to be of high quality through their good stability indices (peroxide value: 2.52-3.87meq O2/Kg; p-anisidine value: 8.24-12.33, TOTOX value: 13.37-19.46,). Looking at the haematological study, animals that received the HFD presented the lowest (p<0.05) hematocrit and Platelet. PO:WO (50:50 and 60:40) significantly (p<0.05) decreased the granulocytes concentration in the blood of rats. PO:WO (50:50) significantly (p<0.05) increased the lymphocyte concentration while 100% PO increased the mid-size white blood cells level in the animals. Serum levels of inflammation markers were higher (p<0.05) in the negative control group (354.44-385.82 pg/mL) compared to the other groups (147.22-271.55 pg/mL). The analysis of oxidative stress parameters revealed that the administered oils and orlistat generally exhibited good protections compared to the normal and negative control groups, which might be due to the presence of omega-3 fatty acids and bioactives such as β-carotene and vitamin E which have good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It can be concluded that these oils have a role in protecting against obesity through their effects on oxidative stress, hematology, and inflammatory cytokines.

Developments in Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies and innovative approaches emerging in deep learning (DL) supported analysis methods have an important place in disaster research as in every field. Convolutional neural networks such as Mask RCNN, U-NET, one of the deep learning methods for disaster damage impact assessment and classification, have started to show successful results. However, high-resolution geospatial imagery and drones provide faster and more accurate detection of structural damage.  In this study, damaged building detection was performed using Göktürk-1 satellite images from 6 February 2023 using Mask-RCNN architecture. In this study, deep learning methods were used to detect the collapsed buildings in the city of Malatya during the 6 February 2023 earthquakes. The study aims to emphasize the significance of GIS and remote sensing for the timely and efficient evaluation of building damage after a disaster. Considering this, high quality images of Malatya city before and after the earthquake were analyzed and data sets were created by masking using Mask RCNN deep learning method through ArcGIS Pro 3.4.0 software. According to the results of the research, it quickly detected damaged buildings with an accuracy rate of 70% according to satellite images after the earthquake. As a result, GIS and deep learning models were used to detect and map the initial damage after the earthquake.

Bu çalışmada, portakal dilimlerinin kalite özellikleri üzerine farklı sıcaklık (60, 70 ve 80°C) ve mutlak basınç (15 ve 30 kPa) kombinasyonlarında gerçekleştirilen vakumlu kurutma (VK) işlemlerinde mikrodalga ön işleminin (90 W, 30 dk) etkileri incelenmiştir. Vakumlu kurutma işlemleri, aynı sıcaklık ve basınç koşullarında mikrodalga ön işlemi uygulanarak (MDVK) ve uygulanmadan (VK) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, polifenolik bileşikler (vanilik asit, klorojenik asit, gallik asit, sinapik asit, o-kumarik asit, epikateşin, hesperidin ve naringenin) analiz edilmiştir. Ek olarak, renk parametreleri (L*, a*, b* ve ΔE), esmerleşme indeksi (BI) ve beyazlatma indeksi (WI) gibi görsel kalite özellikleri de değerlendirilmiştir. Taze portakalların başlangıçta sahip olduğu renk özellikleri ve fenolik bileşen seviyelerini kurutma işlemi sonucunda en iyi koruyan vakumlu kurutma koşulları 80°C sıcaklık ve 15 kPa mutlak basınç olmuştur. Temel bileşen analizi (PCA) ve hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi (HCA) kullanılarak, kurutma koşullarının renk ve polifenolik bileşen profilleri üzerindeki etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu analizler, ürün kalitesine ilişkin kimyasal ve polifenolik profillerin ayrıştırılmasına olanak sağlamıştır.

The aim of the present study was to determine the the effects of carazolol injection during mating following progestagen + eCG administration on conception rate in breeding season Lacaune ewes. Sixty-two Lacaune ewes were used in the study. On day 0, an intravaginal sponge containing 20 mg flugestone acetate was inserted and left in place for 10 days. On day 10, the sponges were removed, and each ewe received an intramuscular injection of eCG at a dose of 480 IU. Ewes in estrus were mated with a proven rams (ewe:ram ratio of 5:1). Fifty-nine mated ewes were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treatment. In the carazolol group (n = 30), ewes received an intramuscular injection of carazolol (0.01 mg/kg; Simpanorm, Fatro, Italy) on the day of estrus, post-mating. In the control group (n = 29), ewes were not administered any treatment. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted in all ewes on days 30 and 60 post-mating using transabdominal ultrasonography with a Hitachi EUB-405 device equipped with a 3.5 MHz convex probe. The estrus rate, conception rate, total pregnancy rate, and early fetal death rate were evaluated across all groups. The study results indicated no statistically significant differences between the control group and the carazolol group regarding conception rates (62.1% vs. 66.7%) and total pregnancy rates (79.3% vs. 83.3%). In addition, as a result of repeated ultrasound examinations, no early fetal death was found in the study. In conclusion, carazolol injection during mating following progestagen + eCG administration did not increase on fertility in breeding season Lacaune ewes.

The addition of dietary fibres (DF) obtained from by-products into bread is an attractive way to enhance consumers’ fibre consumption while simultaneously reducing waste from by-products. This study aimed to examine the viability of replacing kohlrabi peel powder (KPP) into white bread at levels ranging from 0% to 12%. The technological and nutritional characteristics of white breads were evaluated, and sensory analysis was conducted. The specific volume values of the samples ranged from 1.486 to 1.861 mL/g. The findings showed that the specific volume of the white bread samples decreased when KPP was used at concentrations higher than 3%. The sample coded N4 (9%) exhibited higher moisture levels in both the crumb and crust, compared to the all bread samples (p˂0.05). The nutritional features of the bread samples varied as follows: ash content ranged from 0.573% to 0.588%, protein from 6.460% to 7.998%, fat from 3.200% to 4.200%, total DF from 0.250% to 3.214%, total carbohydrate content from 51.963% to 69.272%, and energy levels from 211.7 to 324.0 kcal. The sample coded N3 (6%) was approved by the panelists, however the other samples with a greater quantity of KBB were not favored. SEM images showed the gluten structure in the enriched bread samples coded N2, N3 and N4 were constituted by fibrous components that established a more open network. The study’s results indicated that elevated amounts of KPP might enhance the DF content of white bread; however, consumers do not favor higher fibre content in the bread samples. Utilization of 6% KPP could enhance the technological, nutritional, and sensory characteristics of white bread.

Drought is regarded as one of the most significant abiotic constraints to agricultural crop output worldwide. Drought in the spring and early summer, which coincides with important reproductive stages, severely limits lupin yield in Mediterranean climate zones. The purpose of this study was to determine how different drought treatments affected seed germination and initial seedling growth in Lupinus albus L. (white or field lupin). Seed germination parameters and initial seedling growth traits were tested against five levels of drought stress induced with Polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG6000) at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16%. An experiment with four replications was conducted using a completely randomized design. The results revealed that the negative effect of drought stress started at 4% (-0.03 MPa or -0.3 bar) treatment for the initial seedling growth stage; whereas, it started at 12% (-0.2 MPa or -2 bar) treatment for the germination stage. Therefore, it was determined that L. albus was more sensitive to drought stress at the initial seedling growth stage than at the germination stage. However, it was observed that the growth parameters were more sensitive in shoot growth than in root growth to drought stress. There will be a sharp loss of yield in soils with levels of drought stress imposed by 12% PEG6000 (-0.2 MPa-moderate drought-) and beyond. Therefore, it is likely that L. albus has low drought tolerance.

According to the purpose of use, the buildings are named with names such as residences, commercial buildings, health buildings, social structures, educational buildings, sports buildings, worship buildings, etc., and classifications are made for agricultural buildings as rural structures, animal-plant production structures and protection-storage structures. It has become important to determine the type and thickness of the insulation material that will provide the most economic benefit to reduce the energy costs consumed by reducing thermal losses/gains in all building types and to reduce the damage caused by waste gases to people, the environment and especially agricultural production. In order to reduce thermal losses and gains in building exterior walls and to reduce heating-cooling costs, it has become important to determine the type and thickness of insulation material that will provide the most economic benefit. In this study, optimum insulation thicknesses, annual savings, payback period and reduction in CO2 emissions were calculated for heating and heating-cooling application in Tokat. DD method and LCA method were used for thermal and economic analysis. XPS and RW were chosen as insulation materials according to two different wall types, natural gas for heating and electricity for cooling as energy sources. The payback period and CO2 emission were calculated with a lower value in the use of XPS insulation material than in RW insulation material. For this reason, it has been determined that it is more appropriate to prefer XPS insulation material in terms of economy and environment only in heating and heating-cooling application.

The availability of high-yielding varieties adapted to diverse agro-ecologies and production systems, preferred by farmers and consumers, is the key factor limiting productivity. Farmers access seeds of different quality levels from various seed systems. Studies on seed systems and rates in relation to yield and yield traits of bread wheat varieties under irrigation are limited. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in 2021 in Northwestern Ethiopia to improve the productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties through suitable seed rates and systems under irrigation. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of two varieties (Kakaba and Ogolcho), three seed systems (formal, intermediate and informal), and three seed rates (125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) in three replications. SAS software was used for analysis. The results showed that the seed system and variety interaction had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on productive tiller numbers, days to 50% heading, kernel numbers per spike, and plant height. Additionally, the productive tiller numbers and days to 50% heading were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the interaction of variety with seed rate. However, the main effects of seed system, seed rate, and variety alone had a significant (P < 0.05) impact on physiological maturity, 1000-seed weight, kernel length, grain yield, biomass yield, and harvest index. The highest grain yields were obtained from the following main factors: seed system (intermediate (4.52 t ha-1); seed rate (150 kg ha-1 (4.71 t ha-1)); and variety (Kakaba (4.47 t ha-1)), which exceeded the average yield in irrigation (4.4 t ha-1). It is necessary to conduct experiments involving a greater number of seed rates and varieties over multiple cropping seasons and locations and sowing dates to strengthen the results.