Storage of the foods obtained by plant and animal production is as important as their cultivation. Crops cultivated around the world lose 28-36% of total yield during the process from agricultural land to consumption. With the most of this loss occurs after harvest and harvest, it can be reduced by suitable machines and appropriate methods to be used. Niğde is in third place in the list of cities with the highest apple production in Turkey. In addition, it is seen that the potential of the region to benefit from solar energy is quite high with 8.02 hours of daily sunshine duration and 1550-1800 kWh m-2 total solar radiation values. In line with the information given, Niğde province stands out as an important opportunity for apple drying processes using solar-powered drying methods. In this study, suitable drying methods that can be used for agricultural products in general and methods that can be used in Niğde province have been investigated and with the using the information obtained from previous studies related to the region its examined that the solar drying system and machines that can be developed for the province of Niğde are specified.

Global climate is estimated to change drastically over the next century and the ecosystems will be affected in this changing environment. Plant-associated beneficial microorganisms can stimulate plant growth and increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nowadays, the effects of climate change factors such as increased carbon dioxide (CO2), drought and warming on plant-beneficial microorganism interactions are increasingly being investigated in the scope of plant growth and health. Recent studies have shown that high CO2 level has a positive effect on the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi, whereas the effects on plant growth promoting bacteria and endophytic fungi are more variable. Elevated CO2 conditions lead to increased colonization of beneficial fungi. Additionally, the results of increasing CO2 levels, warming and drought, depend upon the plant and the microbial genotype. Also, plant growth promoting microorganisms, especially bacteria, positively affect plants exposed to drought stress. Altered communities of beneficial microorganisms depending on climate changes, might have to compete with different microbial communities and, therefore microbial activities may also get affected. This work presents that climate change is an important factor affecting microorganism and plant interactions, needs to take into consideration the adaptation processes in plants and microorganisms and might require the selection of adapted plant cultivars.

One of the most important factors that increase soil fertility is the amount of soil organic matter. One of the ways to increase soil organic matter is the addition of organic fertilizers. Yemsoy soybean cultivar was used in the study, and pot study was carried out in 3 replications according to the randomized blocks experimental design. In the study, three different fertilizer doses (EC 0- 0.5- 1), three different grape pomace compost (0- 20-40 %) were applied to the peat perlite mixture, and mycorrhiza and bacteria inoculation to these environments. At the end of a 60-day growing period, the plants were harvested from the top of the pot, and measurements were made. In the study, there was an increase in the above-ground fresh and dry weights, root fresh, and root dry weights of soybean plants grown with increasing fertilizer rates. The addition of compost to the growing medium, the addition of mycorrhiza, and bacteria caused different results in the investigated properties. The increase in compost and plant nutrition doses was effective in increasing plant growth.

Teknolojinin gelişmesine ayak uyduramayan küçük aile işletmelerinin, rekabet piyasasındaki mevcut konumlarını korumak ve etkinlik paylarını artırmak önemli bir konudur. Küçük aile işletmeleri gıda üretimin yaklaşık %80’ini karşılamakta ve bu işletmelerin piyasadan çekilmesi gıda arzında ani düşüşe sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı küçük aile işletmelerine pazarlama eğitimi sağlanmasının, çiftçilerin becerilerini, üretimi ve karlılığı nasıl artırabileceğini göstermektir. Bu beklentilerin gerçekleşmesi büyük işletmelerin ya da kamunun sağlayacağı desteklerle mümkün olabilecektir. Bu çalışmada oyun teorisi kullanılarak, iki oyuncu (Proje kurucu ve çiftçi) arasında gerçekleşen olası stratejiler dikkate alınmış ve her aşamada elde edilecek kazançlar bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, yatırımı yapan kuruluş ile eğitimi alan çiftçinin iş birliği yapması, kazancı artıracağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuç güven duygusu, iş birliği ve örgütlenmenin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Böylece üretim artarken, kalifiye eleman eksiği azalacak ve istihdama katkı sağlanacaktır. Ayrıca teknoloji kaynaklı pazarlama sorunlarının aşılmasına da katkı sağlayacaktır.

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are one of the most populous families of Diptera. In this study, it was aimed to determine the fauna of fruit flies in Ordu province. Adult specimens were collected from the research region in 2016-2017 years. All the specimens were identified by examining their morphological characters in Gaziantep University, Biology Department, Entomology Laboratory. As a result, thirty-three species belonging to 11 genera from three subfamilies were identified. All species are recorded for the first time from Ordu province. Material examined and wing photographs of the species are presented.

Potential outputs of irrigation should be put forth to improve the yields in agricultural practices. Available water resources should efficiently be used to improve yields and inputs should be minimized. Performance assessment of irrigation schemes is an importance issue for improved yields and to take relevant measured. Statistical methods are used for performance assessment of irrigation schemes with the use of various indicators. Forecasts for future performance of irrigation shames will facilitate the steps to be taken by decision-makers to improve performance. In this study, time series – ARIMA method was used to forecast future performance of Bergama irrigation scheme for 2017-2021 period. The indicator values of annual irrigation water supply per unit command area, output per unit command area and total expenditure per unit command area for 2006-2017 period were used to estimate performance indicators for 2017-2021 period. In 2021, at 95% probability, the lowest annual irrigation water supply per unit-command area was calculated as 4365.10 m3 ha-1 and the highest as 16835.69 m3 ha-1; the lowest output per unit command area was calculated as -5076.10 € ha-1 and the highest as 10401.2 € ha-1; the lowest total expenditure per unit command area was calculated as -2200.41 € ha-1 and the highest as 1866.31 € ha-1. Present forecasts of time series -ARIMA method with the use of data of 2006-2016 period revealed that annual irrigation water supply per unit-command area and output per unit command area will increase and total expenditure per unit command area will decrease in years.

The aim of this study is to determine the stable isotope ratios of anchovy caught in the Black Sea and Marmara Sea. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) were estimated at four sampling sites (İğneada, İstanbul, Trabzon and Hopa) in the Black Sea and Marmara Sea (Turkey). δ13C and δ15N values of European anchovy ranged from -22.31 to -19.19 ‰ and from 3.81 to 12.79 ‰, while C/N ratios ranged from 2.01 to 6.21 in muscle tissue of European anchovy, respectively. İğneada station had more depleted δ13C values and more enriched δ15N values than other stations. This difference might be due to the terrestrial input and agricultural activities in this region.

Spirulina platensis tek hücreli, fotosentetik bir mikroalg türüdür. Hem insan hem de hayvan tüketimi için protein ve fonksiyonel gıda katkı maddesidir. Yapısında keşfedilen değerli fitonütrientler ve pigmentler sayesinde sağlıklı beslenme, nutrasötik ve farmasötik alanda yoğun ilgi görmüştür. %5-6 toplam lipit oranının, %1,5-2 oranında çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri içeren (PUFAs) Spirulina, toplam PUFAs değerinin %36’sı kadar α-linoleik asit içermektedir. Ayrıca Linoleik Asit, Stearidonik Asit, Eikosapentaenoik Asit, Dodosaheksaenoik Asit, Araşidonik Asit gibi kıymetli yağ asitlerini de içermektedir. Bu çalışmada kahverengi yumurtacı tavuk (ATAK-S) yemlerine ilave edilen Spirulina ununun yumurta sarısı yağ asit kompozisyonu ve yumurta sarısı kolesterol seviyesine etkisi belirlenmiştir. 72 adet benzer canlı ağırlıkta 38 haftalık yumurtacı tavuk, her birinde 18 hayvan bulunacak şekilde 4 gruba rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Bireysel kafes sisteminde barındırılan tavuklar 8 hafta süreyle denemede tutulmuş ve %0 (Kontrol), %0,5, %1, %2 (%KM’ de) Spirulina unu içeren standart yumurtacı tavuk yemleriyle beslenmiştir. Deneme süresince 16:8 saatlik aydınlık:karanlık aydınlatma periyodu uygulanmıştır. Yem ve su ad libitum verilmiştir. Deneme sonucunda kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında, muamele grupları yumurta sarısı kolesterol miktarları arasındaki fark istatistiki açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur. Yağ asidi komposizyonuna ilişkin elde edilen bulgulara göre rasyona ilave edilen Spirulina unu gruplar arasında linolenik asit miktarları üzerine etkili olmuştur.

Understanding the fire-prone arid-zone pine species and maquis vegetation's response to fire is very important to reveal the ecology and evolution of these species. During the succession of vegetation, there are complex relationships between allelopathic metabolites and fires. Many plant communities such as pines, maquis, savannas and woodlands are known to play a critical role in the development of succession. However, studies revealing the relationship between succession processes and allelopathic mechanisms in fire-prone ecosystems are quite limited. Most evergreen maquis vegetations are one of the most studied fire ecosystems. In maquis vegetation, fire causes the formation of plant communities that continue with allelochemicals produced by plants, as well as shaping the climate of the region. The event of a living species inhibiting another species by secreting toxic compounds is expressed as allelopathy. These toxic compounds are generally referred to as allelochemicals. Many maquis species that grow in fire-prone ecosystems excrete their allelochemicals, preventing the development of herbaceous species around them and invade their habitats. These chemicals, which accumulate in the soil during the dry season, affect the succession processes in vegetation in the event of a fire and determine which species will follow each other. Considering these relationships, it can be said that allelopathic plants have the potential to change plant diversity in vegetation by changing their functional plant characteristics. The purpose of this review is to determine the relationship between allelochemicals and fire of plant species in fire-prone ecosystems, and to reveal how this affects the succession processes.

Breadnut is an indigenous fruit commonly found in Southeast Asia. The authors recognized the potential of breadnut as a food source; thus, the study was set out to determine the proximate composition and antioxidant activity of breadnut seed flour. The sample was found to contain 75% carbohydrates, 9.07% fat, and 6.16% protein. Moreover, the flour made from breadnut yielded a DPPH scavenging activity of 97.33%, an indication of high antioxidant capacity. The flour was blended with wheat flour to investigate its functional properties. It was observed that the 50:50 breadnut seed flour and wheat flour showed potential in terms of water absorption capacity, fat absorption capacity, emulsion capacity, and foaming ability. With the rising population and threat to food and nutrition security, alternative sources must be explored. This study illustrated the potential of breadnut as a source of energy and other nutrients. More so, its functional behavior as an alternative or at least composite to wheat flour.