Throughout history, there has been a reciprocal relationship between humans and space. Even though there are numerous spaces covered by this ongoing relationship process, it has integrated and gained value with educational venues. Mainly because they closely monitor social, cultural, technological, and economic developments and pass on knowledge to future generations, educational spaces play a crucial role in the development of individuals as well as society. It is feasible to conclude from research on educational spaces that the physical environment has a major positive or negative impact on education. To solve the issue that the current Faculty of Fine Arts at Selçuk University could not sufficiently respond to user needs physically, it was decided to construct a new Faculty of Fine Arts building. The primary goal of the study is to design the building using user-oriented techniques that promote social interaction and showcase artistic identity throughout the design phase. A qualitative research approach, based on inspection and observations, was used in the study to gather data, documents, and reports on the topic and to ensure that the architectural programming stages advanced correctly and received ongoing feedback. Studies have confirmed the results, which show that artistic education in structures that provide users with distinct experiences is different from that provided in faculty buildings with a type plan scheme. The process, which involves collaboration between stakeholders from various disciplines and necessitates coordination, is also maintained in a coordinated fashion as a consequence of the study. Because of this, it is believed that buildings with comparable features can offer direction by offering a set of data that may also be reliable for design procedures that are prearranged.

Foods for special medical purposes are specially produced or formulated with the intention of regulating children's diets for specific nutrition applications, and used under medical surveillance. These food should not offer a microbiological risk to human health as well as their compositions. The purpose of this study was the microbiological evaluation of foods for special medical purposes used in children’s diet. For this evaluation, eleven imported foods for special medical purposes that were sold in Ankara-Turkey were analyzed in terms of Salmonella spp., coagulase positive staphylococci, staphylococcal enterotoxin, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The bacterial examinations were done according to each related EN ISO standart methods. In result of the examination, the microbial growth was not observed on the food samples. In conclusion, the samples investigated have no microbiological risk. Also, consumers should examine their expiration dates during purchase because the expiration dates declared on the foods have showed their microbiological stability.

The “Basic Design” is one of the common introductory courses in design disciplines. It has great importance in interior architecture education as it forms the basis of design practice. Education that proceeds through abstract concepts creates difficulties for students to internalize this course. To avoid these difficulties, learning by doing is of great importance. The learning-by-doing approach was carried out in the form of a workshop within the scope of the “Basic Design 1” course of the Department of Interior Architecture at Konya Technical University in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. Students were asked to produce three-dimensional designs using basic design principles and elements. The class was divided into groups of eight people and studies were carried out with a workshop coordinator in each group. The duration of the workshop was planned as four weeks. During the workshop, students learned to use materials and colors, to design an original composition. At the end of the workshop, students learned to embody the abstract concepts they learned during the year by creating a composition that considers functionality and aesthetics. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the workshop, a survey study was carried out after the course period ended. As a result, it has been seen that the intelligibility of Basic Design 1, which is a course taught through abstract concepts, has increased thanks to the workshop.

This study investigates the reactions of four summer pumpkin cultivars (cvs. Çağlayan, Mert Bey, Sena Hanım, TG38) to root and crown rot caused by Fusarium proliferatum by taking into account criteria such as disease severity, plant growth (number of leaves, height, dry and fresh weight of shoot) and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the roots. Seeds of each cultivar were inoculated with the pathogen and left to develop for 1 month at 25oC in a controlled climate room. The content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic root extracts was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cv. Sena Hanım had the lowest disease severity (4.40%) among the cultivars, followed by cvs. Çağlayan (10.62%) and Mert Bey (11.07%). Plants developed from inoculated seeds of cvs. Çağlayan and Sena Hanım had no decrease in the number of leaves and in length, fresh and dry weight of shoots in comparison to the control (plants from non-inoculated seeds), while cv. Mert Bey demonstrated a decrease at very low rates in shoot fresh and dry weight (2.24% and 0.77%, respectively). The phenolic compound that exhibited the highest increase in root extracts of cv. Sena Hanım compared to the control among the cultivars was p-coumaric acid (6.57-fold). This study demonstrates that p-coumaric acid can play an important role in the resistance of pumpkin to seed infestation by F. proliferatum.

Information-intensive and precise knowledge-based marketing approaches is a key aspect in ensuring the long-term viability of agriculture. Unfortunately, the economic potential of information and communication technologies used in agricultural marketing is not fully utilized. This study, therefore, unravelled the effects of information and communication technologies in the marketing of broiler birds in Enugu state, Nigeria. Primary data collected from 90 marketers were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that all the marketers accessed and used mobile phones very often to communicate with their customers but only a few (40%) used social media platforms while radio and television were rarely used. The gross margin analysis showed that broiler marketing was a viable enterprise with ₦80,972.72 (USD 197.29) gross margin monthly. The degree of use of information and communication technologies, level of education and marketing experience significantly affected the revenue margin of the respondents. High cost of information and communication technology facilities, inconsistence power supply, poor network coverage and connectivity and high cost of airtime and data were among the major constraints faced by the marketers. The study recommends that the problem of inconsistent power supply and poor network coverage should be rectified by the government and the network providers, respectively. The national communication commission should as a matter of urgency regulate, moderate and reduce the high call tariffs and internet data cost to enhance the profit margin of the broiler marketers.

The physical properties of seeds and grain is a wide knowledge that can be useful in the sowing, harvesting and storage or in processing such as drying, freezing and other. This knowledge is important in the designing of machinery to harvest and in preparation of processing chain from grain to food. In this study, the physical properties, color characteristics, mechanical behavior, and germination parameters of three different cultivars (Reis, Töre, and Özkaynak) of forage peas were examined and compared. The statistical differences were observed between the cultivars on the length, width, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, and surface area of the forage pea cultivars. Significant differences were observed between cultivars on mass, thousand mass, volume, and bulk density. The effects of cultivars on the true density, and porosity of forage pea seeds were not significant. Töre and Özkaynak cultivars constitute the highest statistical group in terms of mass and thousand mass (0.172 g, 0.174 g, 139.34 g, 138.54 g, respectively). The effects of cultivars on L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue angles of forage pea seeds were significant. Many features of the seeds should be considered in sowing, harvesting, and post-harvest processes and technological applications of forage pea seeds. In light of the data obtained in this study, it can be assumed that the operations to be carried out will contribute to the reduction of harvest losses, and the improvement of storage conditions at the pre-harvest and post-harvest engineering technologies and food production process applications.

Renewing and reuniting the regions of cities that have become collapse areas with the city; urban renewal, which enables the city to be restored, is a term frequently used today. These collapsed areas need to be physically and socially renewed and revitalized. The main purpose of urban renewal studies is to reintegrate the isolated living spaces with the city. This integration should be realized not only physically and economically, but also socially and culturally. Kreuzberg Region in Germany suffered great damage in the World War II and turned into a depression zone over time. The “Protective City Renewal” method, which has been applied in the region since 1961, has an important place in urban renewal studies with its 12 basic principles. Urban renewal works in Tepebağ-Kayalıbağ neighborhoods, which constitute the historical city center in Adana province, are still at the very beginning of the process. Several projects have been carried out within the scope of street rehabilitation studies in the area, but these are thought to be insufficient. The aim of this study is to evaluate the “Protective City Renewal” method and to conduct an experiment on how the 12 principles of this method can be applied to the Tepebağ-Kayalıbağ section, which is an important historical texture to be preserved in Adana.

Air pollution can be defined as the accumulation of gas, air, or particulate matter released as a result of fuel residues and chemical processes in the atmosphere in amounts that harm the lives of living things. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, increase in the number of motor vehicles, meteorological conditions, fuels used for heating, and the spread of industrial establishments and thermal power plants play an important role in the increase in air pollution. Air pollution is a major environmental problem affecting people in both developed and developing countries, and it is estimated that megacities in developing countries, and a quarter of the world's population are exposed to unhealthy concentrations of air pollutants. People living in cities with high outdoor air pollution are more likely to suffer from heart disease, respiratory problems, and lung cancer than those living in urban areas with clean air. In the industrialized western world, urban air pollution is in some respects in its final stages, with a dramatic decline in SO2 and soot levels. The increase in the number of private vehicles is a newly emerging problem. Rapid urbanization in most developing countries has so far led to uncontrolled growth and environmental degradation. Air pollution levels are still rising in many cities. In this study, air quality was tried to be measured along Dr. Sami Yağız Street, which is one of the most heavily used areas of Niğde. H2S, O2 and CO measurements were made at 25 points at equal intervals on both sides of the street. Measurements were made at a total of 4 different time periods per day. The obtained values were transferred to ArcGIS 10.3 software and maps were produced. Measurement of gases other than H2S is not distributed homogeneously along the street, and traffic density and the businesses on the sides of the street cause changes in the rates of the gases.

Bu araştırma, tarla koşullarında saksılarda yetiştirilen dört yaşlı “Gemlik” çeşidi zeytin fidanları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada; farklı sulama uygulamalarında morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametreler göz önüne alınarak zeytin fidanlarının kuraklık stresine karşı tepkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 2021 yılında, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesine bağlı Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf parseli deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Sulama konuları, bitki su tüketiminin %20 (I20) %40 (I40) %60 (I60), %80 (I80), %100 (I100) ‘ü kadar su uygulanması şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda; sulama sezonu boyunca konulara uygulanan sulama suyu miktarları 16.32-81.57 L saksı-1 ve buna karşılık elde edilen bitki su tüketimi değerleri ise 19.49-85.08 L saksı-1 arasında değişmiştir. Konulara göre bitki boyunun 3.50 cm ile 11.00 cm, sürgün uzunluğunun 0.14 cm ile 12.4 cm, gövde çapının 0.70 mm ile 2.11 mm, sürgün çapının 0.53 mm ile 1.84 mm arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Konulara göre elde edilen yaprak oransal su içeriği değerleri %52.61 ile %71.68, stoma iletkenliği değerleri 260.29 mmol m-2 s-1 ile 535.80 mmol m-2 s-1, klorofil miktarı değerleri 78.00 ile 82.76, yaprak sıcaklığı ve hava sıcaklığı farkı ise 1.93°C ile 5.31°C arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Gemlik çeşidi zeytinin topraktaki nem eksiğine duyarlı bir bitki olduğu, morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametrelerin yetişme mevsimi boyunca sulama suyuna bağlı olarak değiştiği, bu parametrelere ilişkin elde edilen bulgular göz önüne alındığında 4 günde bir eksilen nemin %60’ının (I60) uygulanması önerilebilir.

The study aimed to evaluate the pH, water activity (aw), residual nitrite, lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and yeast-mould in fermented sausage samples from different firms. A total of 30 sucuk and 30 heat-treated sucuk samples were taken from 10 different brands with different batch numbers. According to analysis results, all samples, with the exception of some heat-treated sucuk samples from one brand, provided pH values that were within the permitted limit of regulation. For sucuk, mean aw value of only one brand was below 0.90, while aw values for heat-treated sucuk were in the range of 0.928 to 0.957. All samples had residual nitrite levels less than 15 mg/kg (in the range of 7.84-14.80 mg/kg). Yeast-mould and Enterobacteriaceae numbers were often below <2 log cfu/g. The number of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus showed a wide variation in both products which was <2 - 5.96 log cfu/g for sucuk and <2 - 7.85 log cfu/g for heat-treated sucuk. Lactic acid bacteria counts varied between 2-<4.0 log cfu/g in 40% of heat-treated sucuk samples. In sucuk, the number of lactic acid bacteria was <6 log cfu/g in 23.33% of the samples, and 6-<8 log cfu/g in 50% of the samples.