Lavandula angustifolia Mill. olarak adlandırılan Lavender, ilaç, kozmetik vb sanayi gibi farklı endüstri kollarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, lavantada farklı hasat saatlerinin verim, uçucu yağ ve uçucu yağ verimine etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışma, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlamalı olarak Karaisalı/Adana ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çiçekli lavender bitkileri beş farklı zamanda saat sabah 8’de başlayarak iki saat aralıklarla hasat edilmiştir. Araştırmada 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında taze herba verimi, kuru herba verimi, drog çiçek verimi, uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ verimleri incelenmiştir. Hem drog çiçek verimi hem de uçucu yağ verimi bakımından benzer şekilde en yüksek ortalamalar sabah 8’de yapılan, en düşük ortalamalarda saat 14’de yapılan hasattan elde edilmiştir. İki yıllık araştırma sonuçlarına göre yüksek miktarda drog çiçek ve uçucu yağ verimleri elde etmek için sabahın erken saatlerinde hasadın yapılmasının uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de tescilli bazı kırmızı mercimek çeşitlerinin Isparta ekolojisinde verim ve verim unsurlarının belirlenmesi için 2016 - 2017 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 11 adet tescilli kırmızı mercimek çeşidinde bitki boyu, ilk bakla bağlama yüksekliği, bitkide bakla ve tane sayısı, bitki verimi, biyolojik verimi, birim alan tane verimi, yüz tane ağırlığı, su alma kapasitesi ve tane protein oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre, incelenen tüm özelliklerde çeşitler arasında istatistiki yönden önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, çeşitlerin ortalaması olarak bitki boyu 27,50-32,80 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 9,23-20,20 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 30,13-50,73 adet, bitkide tane sayısı 40,96-64,70 adet, bitki tane verimi 0,49-2,07 g, biyolojik verimi 223,8-506,9 kg/da, birim alan tane verimi 66,0-195,8 kg/da, yüz tane ağırlığı 2,91-3,64 g, su alma kapasitesi 0,027-0,033 g/tane ve protein oranı %27,68-32,27 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Kırmızı mercimek çeşitleri arasında en yüksek birim alan tane verimine Çiftçi çeşidi sahip olmuştur. Kafkas çeşidi ikinci sırada yer almakla birlikte; bu çeşidin ilk bakla bağlama yüksekliği makineli hasat için önerilen 12 cm sınırında olması, önemli bir dezavantaj olarak görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Isparta ili ve benzer ekolojik koşullara sahip yörelerde kırmızı mercimek tarımının yapılabileceği, kırmızı mercimek tarımında tane ve protein verimini arttırmak için Çiftçi kırmızı mercimek çeşidinin önerilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Against rapidly developing industry and increasing population, natural resources on earth are getting destroyed. One of the most important adverse effects on the environment is perhaps the depletion of ozone layer which protects the earth from harmful effects of UV radiation, especially UV-B. The effect of UV-B radiation can vary according to species. At high rates of UV-B radiation, many disorders in DNA, photosynthesis, morphological and physiological structure, and biomass accumulation in plants are observed. In this review, the effects of high UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystem are discussed.

Peyzaj mimarlığı araştırmaları; planlama, tasarım, koruma, onarım, uygulama ve yönetim konularında yapılmaktadır. Yapılan bu araştırmaların her biri için bir yöntem tasarımının kurgulanması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada, peyzaj mimarlığında araştırma alanları olan; kentsel ekosistem, açık/ yeşil alanlar ve park alanları ile ilgili bilgiler sunulmuştur. Park alanlarına odaklanılarak, araştırma yöntemleri sunulmuştur. Çalışmada, peyzaj mimarlığında kantitatif yöntemlerle yürütülen araştırmalar park alanları özelinde değerlendirilmiştir. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de peyzaj mimarlığı araştırmalarında, araştırma materyali olan park alanlarıyla ilgili araştırma yöntemleri ortaya konularak, bilgiler sunulmuştur.

This study was carried out to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Fe) in Solen marginatus (Pulteney, 1799) and sediments in the middle region of Izmir Bay. Metal concentrations in S. marginatus vary in the one-year period between summer 2005 and summer 2006. The order of accumulation of metal concentrates in soft tissue of razor clam was determined as Cd < Pb < Cr< Cu < Zn < Fe. Metal accumulations in the soft tissue of S. marginatus were compared with Provisional Tolerable Weakly Intakes (PTWI) and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intakes (PTDI) for human consumption. The results show that the maximum concentrations of metals were markedly below the limits of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), WHO (World Health Organization) and TFC (Turkish Food Codex) for human consumption. The order of the metal concentrations detected in the sediment samples was Cd < Pb < Cu< Cr < Zn < Fe. In this study, the maximum heavy metal values determined in the sediment are below the criteria values of the stated for international sediment quality guidelines in the NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), OMEE (The Ministry of Environment and Energy of Ontario), ANZECC (The Australia and New Zealand Environmental on Conservation Council), CCME (The Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment). There was a statistically significant but weak correlation between concentrations of Cu and Cr in sediment and S. marginatus. The significant correlations have shown that Solen species can be used as a bioindicator species, such as mussels due to their ability to accumulate heavy metals.

Because of its high nutritional value and pharmaceutical effects, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) is collected from nature and cultivated in large scale. This therapeutic mushroom is consumed as a functional food or food additive in soups, cereal and dairy products, and commercially used in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. The mycochemicals including polysaccharides (crude fiber and β-glucans), essential amino acids, ergothioneine, peptides, (glyco)proteins, lectins, phenolic compounds, polyketides (lovastatin), (tri)terpenoids, and enzymes are naturally found in the fruiting bodies and mycelial biomass of P. ostreatus. The major bioactive compounds concentration of this mushroom may be increased by modification of the substrate composition and cultivation or postharvest conditions. The goal of this review is to evaluate the results of the studies about the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of edible wild and cultivated P. ostreatus. Furthermore, the advanced novel cultivation techniques, biotechnological processes, and postharvest treatments were given in order to increase its nutritional and nutraceutical values.

This study was established at the experimental field of Horticulture Department of Çukurova University in Adana, Turkey during 2013-2015 harvest period two consecutive years. Two plum cultivars (‘Black Diamond’, ‘Angeleno’) and Friar as pollinizer grafted on Myrobolan rootstock were used as plant material. Trees produced commercially good yield in 2014, at the fourth growing season. The aim of this study was to compare four different pruning systems (spindle, 4 leader- Quad-V, central leader and open vase) and six different planting distances (0.8-1-1.2-1.6-2- 4 m and standard inter rows 4 m) for yield (ton ha-1) on several fruit quality variables such as (fruit weight, firmness, fruit flesh/seed weight, TSS, TA). Morphological and phenological characters were observed and chilling accumulation of the study area was determined. Sufficient chilling accumulation was calculated in both years regarding fruit crop load. The best results for quality characteristics were obtained from Spindel (1.2x4 m) high density pruning system for both cultivars. Also, ‘‘Black Diamond’’ cultivar on Spindel (1.2 m) gave the highest fruit weight (110.4 g) and yield (62.27 ton ha-1).

In this study, variation of some chemical components such as anthocyanin, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolic, nitrate, soluble protein, proline, glucose, sucrose and total carbohydrate level ad PAL activity in some wild and cultivated edible mushrooms was examined. For this, four different mushroom species (Agaricus campestris L., Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Lactarius piperatus L. Pers) were supplied from local market, named Kuzeykent Semt Bazaar, in Kastamonu province of Turkey. Mushroom samples were collected from Araç, Daday, Devrekani and Tosya locations of Kastamonu. According to findings, the highest anthocyanin value and PAL activity were obtained from A. campestris collected from Arac location with 0.107 mg g-1 and 6.99 EU, respectively. The amount of β-carotene (2.297 mg g-1) and lycopene (0.644 mg g-1) was the highest in C. cibarius collected from Tosya location, however; proline, soluble protein, nitrate and glucose level were the maximum in A. campestris collected from Devrekani location with 149.61 µmol g-1, 55.49 mg, 159.963 mg g-1 and 29.36 µg g-1, respectively. While total carbohydrate was the highest in H. erinaceus collected from Araç location with 80.97 µg g-1, sucrose concentration was the maximum with 39.22 mg g-1 in H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. As a result, A. campestris collected from Devrekani location exhibited the highest nutrient in terms of chemicals analysed except anthocyanin and it was followed by H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. However, C. cibarius and H. erinaceus collected from Araç location had lower chemical components. It can be said that these mushroom species are valuable and important as major food sources and non-wood products for Kastamonu province.

In our study, validation was carried out at 24 and 200 mg/kg enrichment for residue analysis of nitrate active substance only in lettuce samples. Analyses were performed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in lettuce, spinach, salad and arugula samples. In order to eliminate the matrix effect, matrix calibration was used, ie calibration of lettuce samples. Validation of the method was performed with criteria such as precision, repeatability, repeatability limit, reproducibility, repeatability limit, accuracy, linearity of calibration and recovery. The calibration curve was found as linear in the range of 0.2-40 mg/kg. The recovery from the samples is between 97.3-100.2 %. The repeatability and reproducibility values for the two concentrations were 1.89 (matrix+24 ppm) and 3.65 (matrix+200 ppm), 3.951 (matrix+24 ppm) and 3.456 (matrix+200 ppm), respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility limit values are within acceptable limits. Accuracy, precision, combined uncertainty and extended uncertainty (95% confidence: k=2) were found as 0.015 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.004 (matrix+200 ppm), 0.039 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.006 (matrix+200 ppm), 0.041 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.007 (matrix+200 ppm), 0.082 (matrix+24 ppm) and 0.014 (matrix+200 ppm). In our study, the highest nitrate ratio was determined in spinach with 3486 mg/kg in total 102 samples. Lettuce following spinach (2825 mg/kg) showed lower nitrate content, while lower concentrations of nitrate were detected in iceberg (1985 mg/kg) and arugula (1870 mg/kg), respectively. The results may be useful in estimating body intake levels for research on the effects of nitrite and nitrate on human health in vegetable producers and in our daily diet. In addition, the nitrate content of the vegetables analysed in the study is an indicator of the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the Mediterranean region, but showed no problem for human and animal health.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between animal welfare scores (AWS) and milk production in dairy cattle. AWS traits on locomotion ability (LA), social interaction (SI), flooring (F), indoor conditions (IC) and stockmanship effect (SE) were scored by a 100 points scale in a total of 51 farms in Samsun region of Turkey. First lactation milk yield (FLMY) records of Brown Swiss and Simmental cows were used as milk production trait. All components were assessed by t-test to determine the effects of the welfare traits on FLMY. The overall mean of AWS was calculated to be 74.05±1.69, and therefore the farms were founded within a “suitable” class. It was estimated moderate correlations among the parameters except for AWS and SI, however, no statistically significant difference was estimated between AWS and FLMY of the cows. SE was revealed the most important factor on AWS of the farms. Finally, routine scoring cattle farms to decide their suitability for animal needs is advised to herd owners for managing rentable populations in the farms.