An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed from in vitro germinated seeds of Petunia hybrida an ornamentally important plant in the family Solanaceae. Shoot tip and node explants of Petunia hybrida were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Benzyl amino purine (BAP), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3). The highest shoot length was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l NAA. The highest shoot number (3 shoots/explant) were obtained from MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IBA. The isolated shoots were transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of GA3 ranging from 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/l for shoot elongation. The highest shoot length (5.75 cm) was recorded from the MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l GA3 +0.2 mg/l BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-1 mg/1 IBA and NAA. The regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully acclimatized and established in pots containing sterilized peat moss and grown under laboratory conditions with 70% survival rates.

The paper attempts to explore the factors affecting the farm mechanization in Nepal, where agriculture is the primary livelihood of most people and the mechanization is crucial for efficient production and productivity. The government has also introduced a separate policy for agriculture mechanization in 2014. A primary data was collected from 300 households and analysed to assess and quantify the determinants of the farm mechanization. A descriptive analysis was carried out for understanding the data and the results were interpreted. Similarly, the multiple regression was executed to assess the factors affecting total investment in the farm machinery. The five different models were specified and compared for the better results. Moreover, to have deeper insight, the farm machinery was categorized into light machinery, heavy machinery and animal power. The results showed that light machinery is an essential part of Nepali farming system. Likewise, the presence of animal power, income per capita, per capita farm area, adaptation due to change in temperature, Household size, Farm area and income are significant determinants for total investment in farm mechanization.

Bugün kırmızı et tüketiminin yeterli düzeyde olması ülkelerin gelişme düzeylerinin göstergelerinden birisidir. Fakat Türkiye’de yeterli kırmızı et üretiminin olmaması, fiyatların yükselmesine ve kırmızı et tüketiminin düşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu durum ithalatı zorunlu hale getirmektedir. Türkiye’de Kastamonu gibi birçok bölge, geniş meraları ve ormanlık alanları ile küçükbaş hayvancılığa fazlasıyla uygundur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Kastamonu İlinde kırsal kalkınmanın sağlanması için, küçükbaş hayvan üreticilerinin sorunlarını tespit ederek, bu sorunların kümelenme yolu ile çözülebilme durumunu araştırmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, İlde bulunan üreticiler ile görüşmeler yapılarak, sektörün sorunları ve bu sorunların çözümünde kümelenme olgusuna bakış açıları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işletme sermayesi yönetiminin firma karlılığı üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada BİST-100 Gıda sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 28 firmanın 2012 ve 2017 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak çoklu regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak aktif karlılık; bağımsız değişkenler olarak ise alacak tahsil süresi, stokta tutma süresi, nakit döngüsü, aktif büyüklük(toplam aktiflerin logaritması), büyüme oranı ve finansal kaldıraç oranı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada aktif büyüklük, büyüme oranı ve kaldıraç oranı ile aktif karlılık arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada regresyon analizi varsayımlarının sağlanıp sağlanmadıkları da irdelenerek, ele alınan modellerdeki değişkenler arasındaki çoklu doğrusal bağıntı ve tahmin edilen modellere ait hata terimleri arasındaki otokorelasyon problemleri de giderilmiştir.

Acrylamide is a carcinogenic and mutagenic compound which is formed by the oxidation of the acrolein compound or the as a result of reactions between reducing sugars and asparagine amino acids. Although acrylamide is mostly seen in carbohydrate-based foods, frying, steaming and baking processes lead to formation of acrylamide also in protein containing meat products with composite structure. Type and the cycle of frying oil, the precursors present in the system, the cooking method, temperature, time and storage can be listed as factors affecting acrylamide formation in meat products. The adverse effects of acrylamide on health create a need for application of acrylamide reduction strategies. These strategies encompass the reduction of the precursor substances, heat treatment time and temperature as much as possible, addition of various cations, enzymes, amino acids and antioxidants to the system and removal of the resulting acrylamide compound from the system. In this review, it was aimed to clarify the factors affecting the formation of acrylamide and strategies for reducing the amount of acrylamide in meat products.

This study was conducted to determine profile and productivity characteristics of soils formed over the alluvial terraces located at different elevations and distances from Meriç River. Soil profiles were sampled at four different points located vertically at different distances from Meriç River and soil horizons were defined in these profiles. Twenty-eight disturbed soil samples were taken, and physico-chemical analyses were performed on these profile samples. While paddy farming is practices over the fields where profile 1 (P1), profile 3 (P3) and profile 4 (P4) are located, the field where profile 2 (P2) is located has long been used as pasture. Organic matter content of soils was generally “low” and “very low”. The highest organic matter contents were observed in A1 horizon of P2 (3.22%) and Ap horizon of P4 (2.09%). Soil pH values were generally “slightly acidic” and “neutral”. Soils were “calcareous” in P2 and “slightly calcareous” in the other profiles. Salinity was encountered in P2. Electrical conductivity (EC) of A1 horizon of this profile was measured as 6.51 dS m-1. Sodium (Na) content of this horizon was also “very high”. As compared to other profiles, P2 was located at a lower elevation, thus wet through majority of the year. Therefore, P2 was generally wet and had redoximorphic characteristics, high clay content and thus poor drainage conditions. P1 was located at the closest position to the river, thus had higher sand contents than the other profiles. Based on clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the greatest in P2 and the lowest in P1. Available nutrient contents of the profiles decreased through the depth of the profile. Phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), cupper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) contents of upper layers were “sufficient” and “excessive”. On the other hand, potassium (K) content was “sufficient” only in P2 and “low” in the other profiles.

In this study, DPPH free radical activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of wild edible mushroom Cantharellus cibarius Fr. collected from Antalya (Turkey) province were determined. Ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of C. cibarius mushroom were obtained using soxhlet apparatus. TAS, TOS and OSI values were determined by using Rel Assay kits. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using DPPH method. As a result of the studies, TAS value of the mushroom was found as 5.268±0.059 mmol/L, TOS value was 6.380±0.256 μmol/L and OSI value was 0.121±0.005. DPPH free radical activity was determined as EtOH extract 70.52±0.50, MeOH extract 64.34±1.54 and DCM extract 61.72±0.59 in 1 mg/mL extract concentration of mushroom. As a result, edible C. cibarius mushroom could be a natural antioxidant source.

Doner is a kind of kebab which is produced after marinating meat and spitting the fat with marinated meat then cooked in the doner cooker. Doner is our traditional product that is consumed gladly and its production is growing day by day in our country and in different countries of the world. The increasing demand for this product, which is unique to our country, has led researchers to work on doner and to raise awareness of consumers. When the limited number of studies are examined, it is concluded that the chemical properties of the doners presented to consumption in Turkey are generally in conformity with the standards, but their microbiological characteristics vary and can have risks for health. In addition to the studies related to doners offered for sale, it has been observed that there are studies in the direction of identifying and developing the factors that affect the quality of doners, however, in recent years formulation development studies have intensified. In this study, studies on doner were compiled and doner production, quality characteristics of doners offered for sale, the effects of different factors on doner production and product properties development researches were investigated, in this way it was intended to provide a collective overview to our traditional product doner.

The improvement and use of sustainable energy technologies are developing by the reason of increasing energy demand. Due to the fossil fuels negative effects on the environment, energy efficient building and their industrial applications have become an important research topic. To increase energy efficiency in the food industry, the reduction of specific energy consumption is needed. Food production facilities using energy for heating, cooling, drying, and specific processes which requires high temperature. In this study, six energy system models have been suggested, and presented for the use in food processing applications. These models are based on renewable energy, waste heat management, solar energy, and efficient heat pump, ice storage heat pump, thermal energy storage heat pump, drying with heat recovery and dehumidification. In addition to carbon footprint reductant, the latest trend technologies are presented and the advantages are also discussed. Especially hybrid systems that are combined with phase change materials and biomass are investigated.