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Effect of Biofertilizers and Organic Amendments on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Dry Zone Forest Species in Sri Lanka: Sustainable Reforestation Practices in Sri Lanka Полный текст
2023
Neelamanie Yapa | Nadeesha Jayakody | Asanka Madhushan | Anuhansi Pelawatta
Most of the dry zone forests in Sri Lanka are arisen after unsustainable farming practices. Therefore, the natural regeneration of plant species in these forests reported to be very poor due to the reduced soil fertility. This study was conducted to find possible measures for the successful seed germination and seedling establishment of common dry zone forest tree species by sustainable soil fertility management. A pot trial was carried out in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University, Mihintale, Sri Lanka. The experiment comprised of 128 pots and four replicates. Pots were assigned with different soil fertility managements: T0: control (Top soil only), T1: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), T2: a traditional mixed microbial culture (Jeewamurthum), T3: Compost, T4: Biochar, T5: T1+T2, T6: T1+T3, T7: T1+T4; and different forest plant species: Manilkara hexandra, Feronia limonia, Pterospermum conscens and Bauhinia racemosa. Seed germination percentage was measured two weeks after sowing, and shoot biomass, relative plant growth rate, and AMF colonization percentage were measured after four months of germination. The results revealed that inoculation of AMF enhance the seed germination percentage of all the selected plant species. Both sole and combined application of AMF and compost gives more benefits to all the tested plant species by enhancing all the measured growth parameters. The findings of present study would be useful in reforestation programs of dry zone forests in Sri Lanka by practicing sustainable procedures.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Some Important Edible Wild Plants of Türkiye and Their Use in Culinary Полный текст
2023
Tuba Pehlivan
Although concepts such as global climate crisis and global warming, which are frequently used with the industrial revolution, did not make people very nervous before, countries and scientists have begun to think more about this issue today. Recently, with this climate crisis, another crisis deepened by Covid-19, wars and economic problems has been brought to the agenda: The Global Food Crisis. The possibility that people's economic and ecological conditions cannot reach enough and always the same amount of food is becoming increasingly unsettling. With these conditions, it is foreseen that people will include edible herbs in their natural habitats in their menus, as they did in the countryside from time immemorial. There are different studies on natural edible herbs in different disciplines, but there are very few studies evaluating these herbs from a gastronomic point of view. Studies such as the dissemination of traditional knowledge about natural edible herbs and the preparation of recipes for foods and beverages made with these plants are studies that can also find response in fields such as economy, sociology, tourism, health and agriculture. Carrying out all these studies in combination can also contribute to healty and gastronomy-themed tourism. For this reason, in our study, studies on natural edible herbs in Türkiye were compiled and evaluated in a way to cover ancient times and today and different disciplines. As a result of the evaluation, natural edible plants that came to the fore in previous studies and our study were determined and information about the food parts of these plants, their usage areas and usage patterns were given.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Spermatozoa Cryopreservation of Sex-Reversed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): The Effect of Dilution Rate and Supplementation of a N-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)-Glycine -Based Extender on Sperm Motility and Fertilizing Capacity Полный текст
2023
Mustafa Doğan | Erkan Can | Filiz Kutluyer Kocabaş
For commercial aquaculture, the obtainment of all-female salmonid populations is important in fish farms. After freezing process, variable spermatozoa maturity, higher sperm concentration, low sperm quality, and reduced fertilization success have been observed in sex-reversed female rainbow trout. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to assess effect of dilution rate and supplementation of a N-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)-Glycine (MPG)-based extender on sperm motility and fertilizing capacity of sex-reversed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The supplementation of MPG [0 (control, 0), 1 mM; 2 mM; 4 mM] to extenders and dilution ratio (1:9, 1:15 and 1:25) were tested in sex-reversed female rainbow trout spermatozoa during cryopreservation. For thawing, the straws (0.5 ml) were placed in a water bath at 37°C for 30 s. Our results showed that the best concentration of MPG was 2 mM for post-thaw motility duration (120.67±9.07%), fertilization (62.67±3.10%) and hatching rate (54.33±3.10%) at 1:15 dilution rate. Overall, MPG provided improvements during cryopreservation process and could be used as protective agent.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Japon Bıldırcını Rasyonlarına Farklı Seviyelerde Nane (Mentha piperita L.) Yağı İlavesinin Performans, Karkas Özellikleri ve Serum Parametrelerine Etkisi Полный текст
2023
Mustafa Şener | Yusuf Cufadar
Bu çalışma, büyüyen Japon bıldırcını rasyonlarına nane (Mentha piperita L.) esansiyel yağı ilavesinin büyüme performansı, karkas ve bazı serum parametrelerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, günlük yaşta karışık cinsiyette toplam 300 adet Japon bıldırcını (Coturnix coturnix japonica) civcivi 35 gün süreyle, kontrol ve %0,15, 0,30, 0,45 ve 0,60 seviyelerinde nane yağı ilavesiyle oluşturulan rasyonlarla beslenmişlerdir. Çalışma, 5 muamele grubunda, 6 tekerrürlü olarak toplam 30 alt grupta yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonucunda rasyon nane yağı seviyeleri performans parametrelerinden canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yem değerlendirme katsayısını önemli seviyede etkilememiştir. Farklı seviyelerde nane yağı içeren deneme rasyonlarının serum glukoz, kolesterol, trigliserit, total protein, HDL, LDL, AST ve ALT konsantrasyonlarına etkisi istatistiki olarak önemsiz olmuştur. Karkas ağırlığı, karkas randımanı, karaciğer ve kalp ağırlıkları ile bağırsak uzunluğu bakımından istatistiksel olarak muamele grupları arasında önemli bir fark olmamıştır. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, büyüyen bıldırcın rasyonlarına farklı seviyelerde nane yağı ilavesinin performansı, karkas, iç organ ağırlıkları ve serum parametrelerinde değişime sebep olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Süt Sığırlarında Kuru Dönemde Düşük Enerji İçeren Rasyon ile Beslemenin Doğum Sonrası Metabolik Rahatsızlıklar ve Süt Verimi Üzerine Etkisi Полный текст
2023
Yusuf Koç | Yusuf Cufadar
Bu çalışma Siyah Alaca (Holstein) süt sığırlarında kuru dönemde farklı enerji içeriğine sahip rasyonların erken laktasyon dönemi süt verimi ve bazı metabolik bozuklukların görülme sıklığına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada süt verim ortalamaları birbirine yakın olan 800 baş kuru dönemde bulunan Siyah Alaca ırkı süt sığırı kullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar her birinde 400’ er baş olacak şekilde iki gruba ayrılmış ve kuru dönemin ilk 39 günü (erken kuru dönem) boyunca iki farklı rasyonla yemlenmişlerdir. İlk 400 hayvanın bulunduğu kontrol grubu 1,34 (Mcal/kg KM) net enerji laktasyon (NEL) değerinde rasyonla yemlenirken, ikinci 400 baş hayvanın bulunduğu grup ise 1,07 (Mcal/kg KM) NEL enerji değerine sahip düşük enerjili rasyonla yemlenmiştir. Kuru dönemin son 21 gününde ve laktasyonun ilk 90 gününde her iki grup da benzer rasyonlarla yemlenmişlerdir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kuru dönemde normal enerjili kontrol rasyonu ile beslenen grupta süt verimi 2. laktasyonda daha yüksek olurken, 3. laktasyonda düşük enerjili rasyon ile beslenen grupta daha yüksek olmuştur. Sonraki laktasyon sıralarında iki farklı rasyonla yemlenen gruplar arasında fark olmamıştır. Hipokalsemi ve septik metritis rasyonlardan önemli seviyede etkilenmese de düşük enerji rasyonla beslenen grupta rakamsal olarak görülme sıklığında azalma olmuştur. Abomasum deplasmanı düşük enerjili rasyonla beslenen grupta önemli seviyede azalmıştır. Düşük enerjili rasyonla beslenen grupta ketosiz+2 görülme sıklığı (insidans) %2 oranında artsa da ketosiz+1 görülme sıklığı %14 oranında artarak önemli seviyede yüksek olmuştur. Sonuç olarak kuru dönemde düşük enerjili rasyonların 2. laktasyondan sonraki dönemlerde süt verimini olumsuz etkilemeksizin, abomasum deplasmanı, hipokalsemi ve septik metritis gibi problemlerin görülme sıklığını azaltmaya yardımcı olabileceği söylenebilir.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Evaluation of Protein Profiles, Bioactivity, Allergenicity and Toxicity of Peptides Generated After in silico Digestion of Common Wheat and Einkorn Wheat Полный текст
2023
Pelin Sultan Perçin | Sibel Karakaya
The belief that ancient wheat is more beneficial than common wheat has been growing trend in recent years among the consumers. The present study aims to compare bioactive peptide, allergen peptide and toxic peptide generation after gastrointestinal digestion of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum) and ancient wheat, einkorn (Triticum monococcum var. monococcum), using in silico tools. The primary sequences of both kinds of wheat were obtained from BIOPEP-UWM and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. In silico digestion was applied using BIOPEP-UWM online tool. For the simulation of gastrointestinal digestion pepsin (pH 1.3) (EC 3.4.23.1), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) were selected and analyzed. Homology analysis was performed for each protein sequences using EMBOSS Needle program. Toxic and allergen peptides were predicted using ToxinPred online tool and Allergen FP v.1.0. The results showed that einkorn and common wheat proteins exhibited similar properties including high similarity rate (58.72-87.40%) indicating the percentage of matches between the two sequences and the identical bioactivities for peptides generated after digestion. Most of the bioactive peptides were dipeptides and the majority of them displayed more than one bioactivities including ACE inhibitory, DPP IV inhibitory or antioxidant activity, etc. Allergen peptides generated after in silico digestion were found to be similar for both kinds of wheat. In silico gastric digestion of einkorn and wheat caused toxic peptides production, but they were disappeared after in silico intestinal digestion. In conclusion, although there is a perception related to the Einkorn that is healthier than common wheat, in silico digestion of common wheat and einkorn did not support this perception.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Determination of Yield and Quality Characteristics of Lavandula Cultivars in the Kahramanmaras Region Полный текст
2023
Serkan Aras | Muhammet Ali Gündeşli | Kerim Karataş | Erdem Ertürk | Güven Borzan
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in herbal remedies for therapeutic purposes. Aromatic plants have become a significant source of raw materials for the fragrance, food, and cosmetics industries. Additionally, the emergence of new applications and the trend towards natural nutrition and alternative healing methods, often referred to as "going natural," have increased the interest in medicinal and aromatic plants in our country, as well as in other countries around the world. In this study were investigated to determine yield and quality characteristics of seven different lavender (Lavandula intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. = L. hybrida L.) (Grasso, Süper-A, Seguret, Dutch, Abrial, Akmeşe, English) cultivars under dry and irrigated cultivation in Kahramanmaraş conditions between 2019 and 2020. The research was carried out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Fresh stem flower yield was the highest variety Grasso(672.81kg/da). The lowest fresh stem flower yield was found in Seguret variety with 611.33kg/da The highest dry stemless flower yield was determined in Grasso variety with 59,66 kg/da. There were significant differences determined between cultivars the end of 2 years. The highest average fresh stem flower yield (693.067 kg/da) and the highest average dry branched flower yield (252.588 kg/ha) were measured in GRASSO variety.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]A Research on Fertility, Herd Life, Milk Production and Milk Quality Characteristics of Simmental (Fleckvieh) Cows: 1. Reproduction, Herd Life and Milk Production Characteristics Полный текст
2023
Atakan Koç | Mehmet Öner
The aim of this study was to determine the fertility, herd life and milk yield characteristics of Simmental (SIM) cows of Austrian origin, which have increased the interest of cattle breeders in Türkiye in recent years. From the records of the farm between 2011 and 2021, the first calving age (FCA), calving interval (CI), herd life (HL), productive life (PL), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and 305 days milk yield (305-dMY) were calculated. A total of 307 FCA, 619 CI, 212 HL and PL, 447 LL, 271 LMY and 497 305-dMY data were used. The means of FCA, CI, HL, PL, LL, LMY and 305-dMY for SIM cows were 842.35±5.30 days (28.1 months), 422.98±3.18 days, 75.48±1.72 months, 47.15±1.73 months, 363.52±3.52 days, 10,596±152 kg and 8647.0±58.0 kg, respectively. Based on the long FCA and CI averages of Austrian-origin SIM cattle, although it can be interpreted that there are some problems in terms of reproductive efficiency in the farm, finding long HL and PL and high milk yield, it can be said that the farm contributes to the increase of milk yield per cow by turning the negativity caused by the reproductive efficiency into an advantage.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Assessing Vegetable Farmers’ Knowledge of Disease and Pests Control Methods in Ghana: A Survey of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum [L]) Farmers in the Mampong Municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana Полный текст
2023
John Bokaligidi Lambon | Mahama Sanuel | Joseph Honger | David Yakubu
A survey of 200 farmers in the Mampong Municipality in the Ashanti region was conducted between June and October 2016. It was to determine their knowledge of different pests and disease control methods employed, access to extension services, pesticides use and other pests control methods. The study relied on data collected from respondents, 12 key informants (pesticides dealers, vegetable buyers and local chief farmers), field surveillance and observation as well as the reports of the Directorate of Agriculture in the Municipality. Data were captured and analyzed using MS Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPPS) version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and interpreted into simple percentages on tables and charts. The result showed that farmers are above 20 years and 18% were female. The majority (74%) have at least basic education with six (6) or more years’ of experience in tomato production. Sixty-four percent (64%) had no access to extension services due to poor contact with the agricultural extension agents (AEAs). Most respondents (70%) lacked education on pesticides and alternative (e.g., integrated pests’ management) control. Nine-two percent acknowledged the dangers of pesticides to public health. Sixty-four percent practice bi-weekly calendar spraying while 30 % and 6% practice weekly and occasional spraying respectively. Forty-four percent of farmers throw used containers or leave them on the farm. More education is needed to ensure safe use of pesticides and wholesome tomatoes for the public.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Orta Anadolu Tarım Havzasında ÇMVA Sistemine Göre Tarım İşletmelerinin Standart Faaliyet Sonuçlarının Tespiti Полный текст
2023
Zeynep Kanat | Yusuf Çelik
Çalışmanın amacı, Orta Anadolu Tarım Havzasında Çiftlik Muhasebe Veri Ağı (ÇMVA) sistemine göre tarım işletmelerinin tiplerini, ekonomik büyüklük sınıflarını ve standart faaliyet sonuçlarını belirlemektir. Araştırma alanı Orta Anadolu Havzasında yer alan 7 ili kapsamaktadır. Bu illeri temsil edecek 9 ilçe gayeli örnekleme yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen ilçelerde ana popülasyonu oluşturan tarım işletmelerinden, örnek işletme sayısı, tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre %5 hata payı ile %99 güven sınırları içerisinde 292 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Örnek işletmelerden anket yöntemi ile toplanan veriler çalışmanın ana materyalini oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri 2016-2017 üretim dönemini kapsamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada ikincil verilerden de yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre incelenen tarım işletmelerinin 4 farklı işletme tipinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlar uzmanlaşmış tarla ürünleri yetiştiriciliği, uzmanlaşmış otlayan hayvan yetiştiriciliği, karışık bitkisel ürün ve hayvan yetiştiriciliği ile uzmanlaşmış bahçecilik yapan işletme tipleridir. İşletme tiplerinin standart gelir kriterlerine göre sonuçları incelendiğinde; işletme brüt kar oranı uzmanlaşmış tarla ürünleri yetiştiriciliği yapan işletme tipinde %65,80, uzmanlaşmış otlayan hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde %78,80, karışık bitkisel ürün ve hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde %70,85 ve uzmanlaşmış bahçecilik yapan işletmelerde %74,23’dür. İşletme net katma değer oranı uzmanlaşmış tarla ürünleri yetiştiriciliği yapan işletme tipinde %64,72, uzmanlaşmış otlayan hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde %73,48, karışık bitkisel ürün ve hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde %66,84 ve uzmanlaşmış bahçecilik yapan işletmelerde %65,42’dir. Net çiftlik geliri oranı uzmanlaşmış tarla ürünleri yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde %64,72, uzmanlaşmış otlayan hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde %73,48, karışık bitkisel ürün ve hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde %66,84 ve uzmanlaşmış bahçecilik yapan işletmelerde %65,42’dir. İşletme brüt karı, işletme net katma değeri ve net çiftlik geliri kriterleri açısından ilgili dönemde rekabet üstünlüğü olan işletme tipinin uzmanlaşmış otlayan hayvan yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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