Examining the inputs to agricultural production and analyzing their energy implications is a crucial method for assessing environmental challenges and promoting sustainability. The agricultural industry utilizes energy in diverse ways, both directly and indirectly, encompassing pesticides, electricity, fertilizers, farm equipment, irrigation systems, fuel, and human labor. This research focused on assessing the agricultural inputs utilized in cabbage cultivation within one of the most cabbage cultivated area in Türkiye, gathering data on these inputs, and identifying the energy efficiency associated with this production process. In the study, information on the overall energy inputs was gathered from numerous white cabbage producers in the Niğde province using the face-to-face survey method, a quantitative research approach. According to the results of the research, the total energy input equivalent in cabbage production was determined as 4407.87 MJ da-1 and the total output value was determined as 6348.60 MJ da-1. The energy productivity was determined as 1.20 and the energy balance as 1940.73 MJ da-1. According to the findings, with 33.4% of diesel oil, 23.81% of fertilizer, and 23.06% of machinery make up the majority of this production's inputs. Also, 89.19% of the total energy inputs in cabbage production determined as non-renewable and 10.79% of them as renewable energy inputs. In conclusion, the inputs are efficiently utilized in cabbage production within the Niğde province of Türkiye.

Bu araştırmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde bulunan 12 göletin fitoplanktonik organizmaları taksonomik ve ekolojik yönden incelenmiştir. Her gölet için, sadece bir adet örnekleme istasyonu seçilmiştir. 22 Haziran 2002’de 12 istasyondan 60 μ göz açıklığındaki plankton kepçesi ile toplanan örnekler % 4’lük formaldehit ile fikse edilerek, optik mikroskopta incelenmiştir. Çalışmada tayin edilen organizmaların 15’i Cyanobacteria, 24’ü Heterokontophyta, 3’ü Dinoflagellata, 9’u Euglenophyta ve 34’ü Chlorophyta’ dan olmak üzere toplam 85 fitoplankton taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Göletler, fitoplankton taksonlarının varlık ve yokluklarına baz alınarak uygulanan kümelenme ve metrik olmayan çok boyutlu ölçeklendirme analizine göre 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Yarı kurak iklim koşullarından etkilen göletlerdeki sığlaşmanın ve tuzluluğun fitoplankton dağılımında ana faktör olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda saptanan taksonlar, fitoplanktonik organizmalar üzerine çalışmaların mevcut olamadığı K.K.T.C tatlısu alg florasi için ilk kayıtlardır.

Bitkisel hormon olarak da kabul edilen salisilik asit, fenolik maddelerin bir grubunu oluşturmakta, bitkilerde metabolik ve fizyolojik gibi birçok tepkiyi oluşturan ve dolayısıyla bitki büyüme ve gelişmesini etkileyen bir bitki büyüme düzenleyicisidir. Bu çalışma, ayçiçeği çeşitlerinin fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri üzerine salisilik asit uygulamasının etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak iklim odası koşullarında kurulmuştur. Çalışmada materyal olarak 11-TR-077, Deray ve P-64-LC-108 olmak üzere 3 ayçiçeği çeşidi ve salisilik asidin 5 dozu (kontrol, 0,5, 1, 1,5 ve 2 mM) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde ele alınan çeşitlerde salisilik asit uygulamasının spad, bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, kök çapı, bitki yaş ağırlık ve bitki kuru ağırlık oranları yönünden Deray çeşidinde olumlu etki ettiği incelenmiştir.

In a lab experiment using seed priming, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed germination and seedling development were studied. Twenty different priming techniques were utilized in the study, each comprising varying concentrations of NaOCI, CaCl2, KNO3, Manitol, PEG, KCL, H2O and a control group that received no priming. Four replications of a completely randomized design (CRD) were used in the experiment. Among the three priming treatments, there were substantial differences in the seedling growth metrics and germination rate. When 500 ppm NaOCl was used as a treatment, the highest seed germination percentage (96%) was attained. Although 100 ppm PEG had the greatest germination index (42.92), 10000 ppm NaOCl had the quickest mean germination time (8.27). Additionally, at a concentration of 1500 ppm NaOCl, the greatest seedling vigor index (29.79) and maximum germination coefficient (12.28) were likewise obtained. With H2O treatment, the maximum shoot length (21.09 cm) was observed for seedling growth parameters. The largest root length was produced by a 10000 ppm KNO3 treatment (11.19 cm). With 20000 ppm KNO3, the maximum root dry weight was achieved (88.50 mg), whereas H2O produced the highest shoot dry weight (51.0 mg). Additionally, it was discovered that a treatment with 10000 ppm KNO3 had the best root-shoot ratio (0.72). The research thus supports the possible use of seed priming as a method to improve faba bean seed germination and seedling growth. NaOCl and KNO3 seemed to work best for faba bean seed germination and seedling growth.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) topping is one of the essential practice to obtain good quality and adequate yield. The suckericide (Flumetralin as a best herbicide and plant growth regulator). For the purpose to compare topping as manual and herbicide application the experiment was conducted on flue cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco at Tobacco Research Station, Khan Ghari, Mardan during 2021-2022. The experiment was conducted in RCB design with three replications and five treatments (Control, Manual de-suckering, 1000, 1200, 1500 ml of Flumetralin ha-1). Treatments were applied at three stages (button stage, early flowering stage and late flowering stage). The data revealed that topping timing and maximum dose (1500 ml ha-1) of (Flumetralin) resulted maximum (896 cm-2) leaf area, less number (14) of sucker plant-1, lower (132 g) green weight and dry weight (20.30 g) of sucker plot-1, more cured weight (5.08 kg) of leaves plot-1 and maximum yield (3038) kg ha-1, lower nicotine contents (2.26) and less sugar contents (16.24) at button stage. Moreover, Flumetralin application on at button stage resulted less sucker growth and enhanced leaf yield. I suggest that the tobacco K399 with the application of suckericide and growth regulator (Flumetralin) have the potential to incorporate in further breeding program for low content of nicotine, reduced sugar content and high yield.

Conversion of land use from forest to agricultural uses modifies soil quality through physiochemical soil properties changes. This study was conducted in Rwanda’s central plateau agro-ecological zone to evaluate the effect of forest and agricultural land uses on soil quality. The study was conducted in 2020. Soil samples were collected at the top, middle and bottom positions of each of the two land uses. We analyzed soil bulk density, soil moisture content, soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Av P), and CEC for each position of the land uses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in GENSTAT version 13. The results revealed that soil properties were significantly affected by land use change. Analysis of variances (LSD<0.05) results showed, however, that treatments were not significantly different within the same land use. The results showed that treatments from top position of forest lands had the highest mean values for soil organic matter and total N parameters with the respective mean values of 6.58 %, and 0.37 %. Treatments from middle position of forest lands had the highest mean values for soil moisture content and Av P parameters respectively with 23.60 % and 29.56 ppm. But, soil bulk density was high on top position of agricultural land with a mean value of 1.49 g/cm3. Land users are advised to apply crop and soil management techniques which maintain soil quality and productivity on agricultural lands.

Since the concept of brand has a wide and diverse range, it is divided into different groups from different perspectives. Local brands are products that are produced, manufactured, and sold by a company in a specific city or that are distributed in a constrained area. This study’s primary goal is to assess how local brands selling milk and dairy products in a particular region are perceived by local consumers. It also seeks to analyze the standing of local producers in this sector and consumer attitudes toward regionally branded goods by highlighting the significance of milk and dairy products in terms of human health. The study makes use of survey information from 381 households in Süleymanpaşa Districts of Tekirdağ-Türkiye. The data were analyzed using fundamental statistical techniques, factor analysis, and logistic regression analysis. In the survey, it was found that 85.0% of participants were familiar with the idea of local brand, while just 15.0% were not. Consumers who said they buy local brand milk and dairy products made up 78% of the sample. Consumers found local products to be more natural and tastier than national brands. According to the factor analysis, the judgements influencing customers’ preference for local brand milk and dairy products were classified into five factors. These factors are named as naturalness and quality, price and promotion, health, food safety, brand and image. Logistic regression analysis was used to explain the association between purchasing local brand milk and dairy products and factor scores, as well as knowing the notion of local brand. Those who favor “Naturalness and Quality” in purchased milk and dairy products are nearly three times more likely than those who do not to purchase local brand milk and dairy goods. With a probability of 68.4%, those who do not understand the notion of local brand will not purchase local branded products.

Bitki gelişimini şekillendiren en önemli faktörlerden birisi topraktaki besin elementleridir. Bitki beslenmesi için mutlak gerekli besin elementlerinden olan demir (Fe) bitki büyümesi ve gelişiminde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu sebeple tarım topraklarında Fe konsantrasyonunun değişimi konusunda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Oysa orman ağaçlarının yetiştiği topraklarda konu ile ilgili çalışma sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada Fe’in farklı orman ağaçlarının doğal olarak yetiştiği topraklarda topraktaki ve bitki organlarındaki konsantrasyonlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında karaçam, sarıçam, göknar ve kayın türlerinden yaprak, kabuk, odun, kozalak ve kök örnekleri ile her ağacın dibinden yüzey, orta ve derin topraklardan numuneler alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Fe konsantrasyonlarının bitkilerde, topraktakinden çok daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitki organlarında elde edilen en yüksek Fe konsantrasyonu kayın köklerinde elde edilmiş olup 529,32 ppm’dir. Oysa topraklardaki Fe konsantrasyonunun 8253,91 ppm ile 16848,88 ppm arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the addition of rosemary to corn silage affected the quality, fermentation, and in vitro digestion of organic matter. In the study, unaltered silage group constituted the control group, while silages prepared by adding 0.5, 1 and 2% rosemary constituted the experimental groups. After 60 days of ensiling, the pH of the opened silages was determined to be in the range of 3.67-3.72. As the amount of rosemary in the silages increased, the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) decreased. Compared to the control group, increases in in-vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) values were observed in the experimental groups due to the addition of rosemary. In comparison to the control group, the methane gas (CH4) rate of silages was reduced in the other groups. Meanwhile, the group receiving 2% addition of rosemary had the highest values of acetic acid (AA) and lactic acid (LA) among the supplemented silage groups. But, propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) were not detected in any of the silage groups. Consequently, it was determined that 1% and 2% of rosemary added to corn silage can enhance the quality of the silage.

As a response to the evolving consumer demand for healthier food choices, ultrasound application in food processing emerges as a sustainable and green solution with no residual effects. This method, known for its cost-efficiency and sustainability, holds significant promise in meeting the increasing need for high-quality, chemical-free, and natural-tasting convenience foods in the ever-changing landscape of the food industry. Ultrasound, leveraging mechanical sound waves, spans across various frequencies: power ultrasound (20–100 kHz), high-frequency ultrasound (100 kHz-1 MHz), and diagnostic ultrasound (1–500 MHz). This study focuses on investigating the impact of ultrasound and combined treatments on food quality, summarizing their diverse applications across different unit operations such as texture and rheology, emulsification and homogenization, crystal formation and modification, dehydration and drying, fermentation, filtration, preservation and shelf-life extension, flavor enhancement, color and appearance, antioxidant activity, enzyme activity and food digestibility, bioavailability and bio-accessibility, and specific food divisions including unprocessed, minimally processed, processed, and ultra-processed foods, as well as culinary ingredients. It delves into their effects on technological and functional aspects of food products, explores emerging trends, offers possible recommendations in ultrasound technology for the food industry, while also recognizing existing challenges and limitations associated with ultrasound and related technologies.