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Seleksiyonla Elde Edilmiş Bazı Ceviz Genotiplerinde SRAP Tekniği Kullanılarak Genetik Çeşitliliğin Belirlenmesi Полный текст
2020
Mehmet Yaman | Ercan Yıldız | Hasan Pınar | Aydın Uzun | Ahmet Sümbül | Şule Alkan
Türkiye bitki çeşitliliği bakımından ender ülkeler arasındadır. Bu durumun bir örneği de ülke genelinde tohumdan yetişen ceviz çöğürlerindeki varyasyondur. Bu farklılığın ceviz ıslahında kullanılabilmesi için genetik materyalin ismine doğru olması ve aralarındaki genetik ilişkilerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Uşak ilinden seleksiyon ile elde edilmiş bazı ceviz genotiplerinde genetik çeşitliliğin moleküler markörler ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 19 adet SRAP markör kombinasyonu kullanılmıştır. Bu markörlerden sayıları 2 ile 18 arasında değişen toplam 171 skorlanabilir bant elde edilmiş olup, bunların %77,2’si polimorfik olarak bulunmuştur. Markörlerden elde edilen bantların baz uzunlukları ise 100-1500 bp arasında değişim göstermiştir. Ceviz genotiplerine ait benzerlik oranı 0,21 – 0,85 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucuna göre SRAP markör sisteminin ceviz genotipleri arasında genetik çeşitliliği belirlemede etkili şekilde kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Evaluation of Agricultural Mechanization Level of Karaman Province Полный текст
2020
Ender Kaya | Aykut Örs
The main purpose of this study is to determination of agricultural structure and mechanization features of agricultural enterprises in Karaman province. The main material of the study is statistical data of Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) of 2009 – 2018 years for Karaman province. According to the data of Karaman province in 2009 and 2018, the average tractor power is 34.92 kW and 35.33 kW; the average tractor power per cultivated areas 2.45 kWha-1 and 1.93 kWha-1; the number of tractors per 1,000 ha is 52.27 and 40.76; the cultivated area per tractor is 19.13 ha and 24.54 ha, respectively. The number of equipment per tractor is 10.66 and 9.86, and the number of combine harvester per 1,000 ha is 0.47 and 0.55.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Factors Affecting Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Geographically Indicated Products: The Case of Niksar Walnut Полный текст
2020
Tayfun Çukur | Nuray Kızılaslan | Figen Çukur | Halil Kızılaslan
Undoubtedly, supply demand balance must be ensured for the development of geographically indications products. In order to increase the demand for geographically indications products, firstly, consumers should be aware of the geographically indications products and have information about the benefits and advantages of these products. Undoubtedly, as with other agricultural products, price is also an important issue for purchases in geographical indications products. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting consumers' willingness to pay for geographical indications products in the Tokat province. For this purpose, face to face survey was conducted with 382 consumers. It was determined that 49,21% of the consumers who participated in the research wanted to pay more price for a product with a geographical indications label. According to the results of the probit analysis, a positive relation was found between awering that Niksar walnut is a geographical indications product and the willingness to pay for geographical indications products. However, a negative correlation was found between monthly food expenditure and tendency to pay for geographical indications products.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Sitotoksik Analizlerin Su Kalitesi Değerlendirmeleri Üzerine Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi Полный текст
2020
Nuray Emin | Ekrem Mutlu | Ayşegül Emin Güzel
Tarafımızdan yürütülen çalışmalarda in vitro kültürlerde mezankimal kök hücreleri ve endotelyal hücre hatları kullanılarak suyun IC50 değeri tespit edilerek hücreler üzerindeki pozitif ve negatif etki dozları belirlenmektedir. Buradan elde edilen sonuçlara bağlı olarak, gerekli olması durumda tüm organizmadaki etkileri deney hayvanları üzerinde in vivo olarak incelenebilmektedir. Bu amaçla genç wistar sıçanları deney gruplarına (deney ve kontrol) ayrılarak, su ihtiyaçları 3 ila 6 ay süre ile çalışma alanından temin edilen su örnekleri ile karşılanmaktadır. Belirli zaman noktalarında her bir gruptaki deneklerden kan ve idrar numunesi alınarak rutin biyokimya analizleri ile hemogramı analizlenerek değişimler kaydedilmektedir. Ayrıca aylık periyotlarla örneklemdeki denekler sakrifiye edilerek endojen dokuların genel muayenesi yapılarak histolojik ve kimyasal analizler için karaciğer, böbrek ve kalp dokusundan örnekler alınmaktadır. Doku örneklerinin bir kısmı mikrodalga kullanılarak homojenizat haline getirilir ve element içeriğindeki değişimler ICP_OES ile tayin edilmektedir. Diğer kısmı ise %10’luk formaldehitte tespit edildikten sonra dondurarak kesit alma yöntemine göre 5 um’lik ince kesitleri alınarak histopatalojik olarak incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmalar göstermişti ki su analizlerinde kullanılan bilindik yöntemler çok kıymetli olsa da sitotoksik analiz yöntemiyle yapılan su kalitesi çalışması su kalitesinin direkt canlı doku üzerinde etkilerinin gözlenmesi açısından güvenilirlik sağlamaktadır. Sunulan çalışmada, sonuçlarının çarpıcılığı nedeniyle İncesu Havzasından alınan su numuneleri için yürütülen in vitro sitotoksisite çalışmaları örnek olarak verilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında in vitro sitotoksisite testlerinin rutin su kalitesi analizlerine eklenmesi gerektiği önerilmektedir.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]A Research on Farmer Behaviours and Change of Information Resources in a Last 30 Year Period Полный текст
2020
Özdal Köksal
A Research on Farmer Behaviours and Change of Information Resources in a Last 30 Year Period Полный текст
2020
Özdal Köksal
In this study, the change of farmer behaviour, which is thought to change slowly, over a 30 period, was evaluated in terms of information sources. In the study, the change in farmer attitudes with a longitudinal approach was designed in a process, and the data obtained from the same farmers and the same questionnaire forms were changed over time. A survey conducted in 1989 was repeated in the same region, in the same survey forms and in the same sample group (66 farmers) in 2019. In the analysis phase of the data obtained from the surveys, Multiple Compliance Analysis Technique was used. In the Polatlı District of Ankara Province, the long-term approach of 66 farmers, especially the changes in information sources and the non-logging habits of their businesses, has been determined with a longitudinal approach. The research results revealed that urban people have become close to rural areas and agriculture, and that their farmers have become close to district and provincial centres. As in all economic activities, research results support that the same jobs in agriculture for the long time do not have the opportunity to do the same and to be content with the knowledge left from the ancestor. This result is the most concrete indication that knowledge-based agriculture has become inevitable in every respect.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Produkcja energii elektrycznej ze źródeł odnawialnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce w kontekście koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju Полный текст
Kozar, Łukasz
The article presents changes that occurred in the production of electricity from renewable energy sources in the EU-28 and in Poland in the years of 2010-2015. The analysis of the changes was based on the data from Eurostat and the Local Data Bank. Based on the indicator of the share of electricity generated from renewable sources in gross electricity consumption, Poland in the period under discussion, was characterized as one of the highest dynamics of change among all EU countries. In addition, the article analyzes the situation concerning the production of electricity in Poland in the regional aspect. From the taken analyzes, it is clear that in all voivodeships, apart from Małopolskie voivodeship, in 2015, more electricity was produced from renewable sources compared to 2010. In the period under discussion, the share of electricity production from renewable sources in total electricity production also increased by 99% in Poland. / Synopsis. W artykule przedstawiono zmiany jakie nastąpiły w zakresie produkcji energii elektrycznej z odnawialnych źródeł energii w krajach UE-28 oraz w Polsce w latach 2010-2015. Analizę zmian przeprowadzono na podstawie danych z Eurostatu oraz Banku Danych Lokalnych. W oparciu o wskaźnik określający udział energii elektrycznej wytwarzanej ze źródeł odnawialnych w zużyciu energii elektrycznej brutto wykazano, iż Polska charakteryzowała się w omawianym okresie jedną z najwyższych dynamik zmian spośród wszystkich państw UE. Ponadto w artykule zanalizowano sytuację dotyczącą produkcji energii elektrycznej w Polsce w przekroju regionalnym. Z podjętych w tym zakresie analiz wynika, iż we wszystkich województwach oprócz małopolskiego w 2015 r. produkowano więcej energii elektrycznej ze źródeł odnawialnych w porównaniu do 2010 r. W omawianym okresie również o 99% wzrósł w Polsce udział produkcji energii elektrycznej ze źródeł odnawialnych w produkcji energii elektrycznej ogółem.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Systematic review: Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Deficit Irrigation on Crop Yield and Water Use efficiency Полный текст
2020
Lelisa Endalu Tura | Tasisa Temesgen Tolossa
Systematic review: Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Deficit Irrigation on Crop Yield and Water Use efficiency Полный текст
2020
Lelisa Endalu Tura | Tasisa Temesgen Tolossa
The main purpose of this paper is to review on the effect of irrigation water quality and deficit irrigation on crop yield and water use efficiency. Low quality water for irrigation can impose a major environmental constraint to crop productivity. If salts become excessive, losses in yield will result. To prevent yield loss, salts in the soil must be controlled at a concentration below that which might affect yield. Irrigation application below the full evapotranspiration requirement is termed as deficit irrigation. Deficit irrigation consists of deliberately applying irrigation water in amounts below the plant’s water requirements. Deficit irrigation can be applied at certain periods during the crop’s growing season or throughout its growing season. Yield reductions also occur in a number of crops when subjected to water stress. Yield reductions depend on the crop’s sensitivity to water stress at its various growth stages. In order for deficit irrigation to be an economically viable practice, the revenue lost due to yield reduction should be lower than savings in total cost of production. The goal of deficit irrigation is to increase crop water use efficiency by reducing the amount of water that is applied or by reducing the number of irrigation events. The interaction effects of water quality and DI illustrated that when the two types of stresses; saline and DI were coupled together, a serious reduction occurred on total dry biomass and total yield. The interaction effects of water quality and deficit irrigation illustrated that when the two types of stresses; saline and deficit irrigation were coupled together, a serious reduction occurred on total dry biomass and total yields.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Brexit a sytuacja ekonomiczna Wielkiej Brytanii Полный текст
Czech, Katarzyna | Wielechowski, Michał
On 23th June, 2016, British voters decided in a referendum to cut long-term relationship with the European Union. The aim of a paper is to present the impact of UK’s Brexit vote on the British economy. The paper depicts review of international scientific literature and economic press concerning the vast range of issues affected by Brexit. It has been shown that the British referendum outcome caused the growth of uncertainty about economy of the United Kingdom. Economic Policy Uncertainty Index reached British record-high levels in post-referendum period. Growing economic and financial uncertainty had negative effects on British economic activity. The paper presents the impact of the referendum on British currency, fundamental macroeconomic indicators, economic activity in manufacturing, and public finance. It has been shown that, in post-referendum period, the pound sterling plunged the depths it had reached after the speculative attack on pound sterling led by George Soros in 1992, after invasion of Iraq in 2003 and during financial crisis in 2008-2009. British referendum outcome contributed also to inflation rate increase and GDP growth rate decrease. Thus, the United Kingdom decided to implement more expansionary monetary policy by cutting interest rates and increasing quantitative easing. As a result of the referendum, the level of economic activity in the manufacturing sector went shortly down. Britain’s vote to leave the EU had also a negative impact on British public finances. The forecasted general government deficit in 2017 increased by more than 30 percent. Chancellor of the Exchequer was forced to abandon the ambitious goal of eliminating the negative balance by fiscal year 2019–2020. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu wyniku referendum z 23 czerwca 2016 r. dotyczącego wyjścia Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej na stan gospodarki i finansów tego kraju. Publikacja zawiera przegląd światowej literatury i prasy ekonomicznej odnoszących się do kwestii następstw decyzji Brytyjczyków o opuszczeniu struktur unijnych. W artykule przedstawiono, że wynik referendum przyczynił się do wystąpienia rekordowych poziomów indeksu niepewności polityki gospodarczej (EPU) w Wielkiej Brytanii. Wysoki poziom niepewności ekonomicznej i finansowej wywarł w konsekwencji negatywny wpływ na kondycję brytyjskiej gospodarki. W artykule pokazano wpływ wyniku referendum na wartość brytyjskiej waluty, poziom podstawowych wskaźników makroekonomicznych, poziom aktywności gospodarczej w sektorze wytwórczym oraz sferę finansów publicznych. Kurs funta szterlinga w odniesieniu do dolara amerykańskiego i euro uległ silnej deprecjacji i spadł poniżej poziomów osiąganych w trakcie ataku spekulacyjnego przeprowadzonego przez George’a Sorosa w 1992 r., inwazji na Irak w 2003 r., czy kryzysu finansowego w latach 2008–2009. Wynik referendum można łączyć ze wzrostem inflacji oraz spadkiem tempa wzrostu PKB. Wielka Brytania zdecydowała się na wprowadzenie bardziej ekspansywnej polityki monetarnej poprzez obniżenie poziomu bazowej stopy oraz rozszerzenie programu luzowania ilościowego. Poziom aktywności gospodarczej w sektorze wytwórczym uległ krótkookresowemu obniżeniu w konsekwencji wyniku referendum. Perspektywa Brexitu miała również negatywny wpływ na stan brytyjskich finansów publicznych. Wysokość prognozowanego ujemnego salda finansów publicznych w 2017 r. wzrosła o ponad 30 proc., a minister finansów zmuszony był odstąpić od realizacji ambitnego celu eliminacji deficytu budżetowego do roku fiskalnego 2019–2020.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Determination of Yield and Some Fruit Quality Characteristics of the Festival and Camarosa Strawberry Cultivars Grown in Aydın/Sultanhisar Conditions Полный текст
2020
Seda Erdoğan Bayram
The aim of this study was to determine the yield and various quality characteristics of two different strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa var. Festival and Camarosa), grown in the ecological conditions of Sultanhisar, Aydın, Turkey. The study was conducted over two years, in ten randomly selected open grown plantations for each of the two cultivars. When the fruits reached harvest maturity, they were harvested and their yield values, mean fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit firmness, colour, pH, titrable acidity, water-soluble dry matter, vitamin C content, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolics were determined. According to the results obtained, yield values fell in the second year of the study, but mean fruit weight, diameter and length increased. Similarly, the fruit firmness of both varieties was considerably greater in the second year, and these differences between the years were found to be statistically significant. While the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic content were obtained from the Festival cultivar, the highest vitamin C content was found in the Camarosa cultivar. The changes of total antioxidant capacity and the amount of total phenolics according to years of both varieties were found to be statistically significant.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Fatty Acid Compositions of Organic Animal Products Полный текст
2020
Ceyhun Yücel
In this review, it is aimed to compare the contents of unsaturated fatty acids (Mufa, Pufa) which are essential for human health of products obtained from animals (meat, milk, eggs) grown in organic and conventional (conventional) conditions. Although the unsaturated fatty acid content and amounts of animal products reflect product quality and nutrients, organic animal products contain more unsaturated fatty acids depending on their growing systems (extensively) and accordingly it is determined to be of higher quality and nutritious. Organic agriculture, which is the cornerstone of sustainable agriculture and animal husbandry, and organic livestock, which is an integral part of it, uses natural resources effectively. It is an environmentally friendly production model that does not use additives and aims to provide healthier products with the quantity of products to consumers.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus l. Yalova Akköy-41) to Different Irrigation and Fertigation Levels Полный текст
2020
Serhat Ayas
This study was carried out in the greenhouses of Bursa Uludag University Yenişehir Ibrahim Orhan Vocational School in 2014-2015 to determine the effects of five different irrigation levels (T1: 100% (full irrigation), T2: 75%, T3: 50%, T4: 25%, T5: 0% (non-irrigated)) and two different fertilization levels (F1.0: 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertigation and F0.5: 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertigation on yield and quality parameters of okra grown under unheated greenhouse conditions. In 2014 and 2015, the amount of irrigation water in the study was applied as 0.0-380.0 mm and 0.0-360.0 mm for the 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertilization and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments, respectively. Evapotranspiration values were realized as 200.0-410.0 mm and 130.0-400.0 mm for 100% (100:100:100 NPK) and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments in 2014, 185.0-425.0 mm and 200.0-450.0 mm in 2015, respectively. It was observed that irrigation water levels significantly affected the yield, fruit diameter, fruit length, 10 fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant and dry matter of okra. The highest yield averages for both years were obtained from T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 treatments were found to be 14.6-17.8 tons’ ha-1 and 16.8 -15.7 tons’ ha-1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Crop response factors (ky) of okra were found as 1.38-1.26 and 1.26-1.41 for 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertilization and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were calculated as 0.036-0.038 kg m-3 and 0.045-0.049 kg m-3 from T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 treatments in 2014 and 0.040-0.047 kg m-3 and 0.035-0.046 kg m-3 from same treatments (T1F1.0 and T1F0.5) in 2015, respectively. The highest T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 values were the closest values were obtained from T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments therefore T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments can be recommended for okra.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]The Effect of Common Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Extracts, Collected from Different Host Plants, on Some Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Полный текст
2020
Sabriye Belgüzar | Bahadır Şin | Zeliha Eroğlu | İzzet Kadıoğlu | Yusuf Yanar
In this study, antibacterial effects of semi-parasitic plant common mistletoe (Viscum album L.), collected from different woody host, extracts on the tomato bacterial cancer and wilt disease agent Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pepper and tomato bacterial leaf spot disease agent Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and tomato bacterial leaf spot disease agent Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato were determined. The common mistletoe collected from pine, pear, acacia and mahaleb trees. The leaves and stems water extracts of common mistletoe were added to Nutrinet agar medium before autoclaving at the final concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The bacterial concentration was adjusted to 108 cfu/ml with spectrophotometer to within an 0.2 at 600 nm. Then, 100 µl of bacterial inoculums were spread over the extracts amended media plates. As a control group, pathogens were plated on the unamended media. The study was established in 3 repetitions and repeated 2 times. At the end of the incubation period, bacteria growing on all treated petri dishes were collected and their density was measured in a spectrophotometer. Based on the results of the study, 1% and 2.5% concentration of the extracts obtained from leaves and stems of common mistletoe collected from different trees were not effective on the bacteria tested, while 5% and 10% concentration of them inhibited the bacterial growth completely (100%). Also, it was observed that there wasn’t difference on the pathogens on the basis of the host where mistletoe was collected. According to the results of this study conducted under in vitro conditions, in vivo studies should be carried out with the common mistletoe extract, which is effective on the bacterial pathogens.
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