Bu araştırma; arıtılmış atık su ve stabilize kent çamurunun jipsle birlikte uygulandığı tuzlu sodyumlu bir toprağın farklı ıslanma - kuruma döngüleri altında hidrolik iletkenliğindeki değişimin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma; tam şansa bağlı faktöriyel deneme deseninde, 3 arıtma çamurun dozu (50, 100 ve 150 t/ha), 3 ıslanma kuruma döngüsü (0, 7 ve 14 gün) ve 2 su tipi (temiz su ve arıtılmış atık su) ile 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerleri sabit seviyeli ICW laboratuvar permeametresi kullanılarak 2, 12 ve 24 saat aralıklarla ölçülmüştür. Toprağın suya doygun olduğu koşullarda, toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerleri sabit seviyeli ICW laboratuvar permeametresi kullanılarak, doygun koşullarda farklı sürelerle (2, 12 ve 24 saat) ölçülmüştür. Kullanılan su özelliklerine bağlı olarak hidrolik iletkenlikteki (2 ve 24 saat) değişim önemli bulunmuştur. Uygulanan arıtma çamuru dozu artışı, toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerini önemli ölçüde, ölçüm aralığına bağlı olarak ise çok önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Kullanılan su tiplerine göre hidrolik iletkenlikteki değişim (2 ve 24 saat) önemli olurken, arıtma çamuru dozu artışıyla toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik içinde ölçüm süresine bağlı olarak önemli ve çok önemli değişimler tespit edilmiştir. Yani stabilize atık çamurunun karıştırılmasıyla normal sulama suyu ve arıtılmış atık su uygulamalarının toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerlerinde artışa neden olacağı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar; arıtma tesislerin katı ve sıvı atıkların tuzlu sodyumlu topraklara uygulanarak bertarafının atık yönetimi ve çevre koruma açısından katkıları önemli olacaktır.

Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns, is one of the important branches of animal husbandry. Beekeeping has an important place in Yozgat's agricultural sector with 411 enterprises. At the end of 2019, there are a total of 29,370 beehives in Yozgat. Honey production has been less than the general of Turkey according to the presence of hive. Achieving more efficient production is possible by identifying the problems in the current production. With this study, it was determined the technical and socio-cultural structures of the existing beekeeping enterprises in Yozgat city center and its districts through a survey study. For this purpose, information about the enterprises was obtained from the Yozgat Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and the Yozgat Beekeepers' Association. A sample of 135 beekeepers was created by examining the data of a total of 411 beekeepers. The survey was conducted with these selected beekeepers. According to the findings, a statistically significant difference was found between beekeeper groups in terms of experience of breeders, ownership of land and honey yield. Therefore, it can be said that the scale of the enterprise has grown in parallel with the increase in the experience of the breeders. Similarly, property land assets increase according to the scale of the enterprise. On the other hand, it is observed that honey yield decreases with the increase in scale in beekeeping enterprises. This means that the efficiency of the enterprises in Yozgat province decreases with the scale growth.

Ülkemiz florası yerel buğdaylar bakımından önemli bir çeşitliliğe ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu araştırmada 20 yerel ekmeklik buğday hattı ile 5 tescilli ekmeklik buğday çeşidinin verim ve bazı verim unsurları yönüyle karşılaştırılarak ümit var genotiplerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda tarla denemeleri 2012-2013 ve 2013-2014 yetiştirme sezonlarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak üç tekerrür ile Çanakkale’de kurulmuştur. Ekmeklik buğday genotipleri bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başaktaki başakçık sayısı, başak ağırlığı, başaktaki tane ağırlığı, başaktaki tane sayısı, metrekarede başak sayısı, metrekarede tane sayısı, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi ve tane verimi özellikleri bakımından değerlendirilmiş, elde edilen sonuçlar varyans analizi ve duncan testi ile yorumlanmıştır. Varyans analizi sonucunda genotipler arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Tescilli çeşitler tane verimi, hasat indeksi, başak ağırlığı, başakta tane ağırlığı, başakta tane sayısı ve metrekarede tane sayısı özellikleri bakımından yerel hatlardan üstün bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık yerel hatların yüksek bitki boyu, biyolojik verim ve başakçık sayısı bakımından öne çıkarak tane özellikleri hedef alınarak ıslah edilmiş tescilli çeşitlere kıyasla daha gelişmiş bir vejetatif aksama sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek tane verimleri ile öne çıkan Hakkâri TR 47982/5 and Kırklareli TR 38316/2 hatları ise ümit var genotipler olarak belirlenmiştir.

Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. Italica) belongs to the family cruciferae which is mainly used as vegetable at its tender stage. The study was conducted to evaluate the morphological, phenological, head and yield traits of broccoli genotypes at Karma Innovative Research and Development Stations of Kathmandu, Kavre and Kaski district of Nepal from September 2019 to March 2020. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at each location. Genotypes, location and interaction between them showed significant variation on almost all parameters. BL-17001, BL-18012 and Centauro genotypes were observed with no lateral heads, which means low yield than other varieties. BL-16003 was observed with maximum yield (1.0 kg/plant at Kathmandu and kavre and 0.9 kg/plant at Kaski) at all locations comparing to other genotypes. Among high-yielding genotypes (BL-16003 and BL-18009) BL-16003 found as early maturing and also had lateral heads so, it can also be used for multi-harvesting. In addition, the height of this genotype was in the lower range with highest number of leaves. Thus, BL-16003 is found as the promising genotype at all localities.

In the present study, we aimed to isolate and biochemically identify tyramine-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from black and green fermented olive samples produced by traditional methods and obtained from different provinces of Turkey. A total of 36 LABs, including Enterococcus spp. (2 isolates), Lactobacillus spp. (16 isolates), and Lactococcus spp. (18 isolates) were isolated from the fermented olive samples. Among them, 27 isolates could decarboxylate tyrosine amino acid; however, the decarboxylase enzyme activity of the remaining 9 isolates was negative. The ability of LAB isolates with positive enzyme activity to produce tyramine was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 6 isolates were found to be significant tyramine producers in vitro, producing tyramine at concentrations ranging from 107.251 to 207.618 mg L–1.

This study was carried out in 2019 to determine the effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ), gibberellic acid (GA3) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) applications on fruit yield and essential oil content in anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Different concentrations of MJ (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM), GA3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and NAA (0, 25, 50 and 100 ppm) were pulverized to the plant during the beginning of the flowering. Phytohormone applications had a statistically significant effect on the parameters examined in the study, and the effects of the applications generally varied depending on the application doses. While GA3 and NAA applications significantly increased the fruit yield and essential oil content compared to the control, high-dose MJ applications generally had a negative effect on all parameters except that the thousand-grain weight. The highest fruit yield was obtained from 100 and 150 ppm GA3 and 25 and 50 ppm NAA applications, while 1 mM MJ applications significantly reduced fruit yield compared to the control. Depending on the applications, the fruit essential oil content varied between 1.94%-2.69% and the essential oil yield varied between 1.42-3.18 L/da. While the highest essential oil yields were obtained from 100 ppm GA3 and 50 ppm NAA applications, 1 mM MJ applications caused a significant decrease in essential oil yield compared to the control.

Tarımsal faaliyetlerin yürütülebilmesi için tarım işçilerinin güvenli bir şekilde tarla ya da bahçeye taşınması oldukça önemlidir. Ülkemizde güvenlik açısından önerilmemekle birlikte tarım işçilerinin tarla ya da bağ-bahçeye taşınmaları genellikle tarım arabaları ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Tarım arabaları ile işçi taşınabilmesi için ülkemizde belirlenen trafik yönetmelikleri bulunmaktadır. Ancak gerek yönetmeliklere uyulmaması ve gerekse emniyetli taşıma düzeneği olmayan tarım arabaları ile işçi taşınması sırasında meydana gelen kazalar ciddi yaralanmalar ve can kaybı ile sonuçlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; güvenli işçi taşınması için tasarlanan, tarım arabasına sökülüp takılabilir, oturma düzeneğine ait iki farklı yuvarlanmayı önleyici yapı tasarlanarak modellenmiştir. Geliştirilen modeller bilgisayar ortamında ANSYS paket programı kullanılarak toplam deformasyon ve gerilme parametreleri yönünden analiz edilmiştir.

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the fields of agriculture and horticulture has been increasing recently due to contribution to seed germination, plant growth and development, flowering, yield, and physiological improvements. This research aimed to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles on the growth and flowering characteristics of the 'Santander' lily (Lilium L.) variety and to determine its potential for use in cultivation. Before planting the plant bulbs immersed in AgNPs solutions of 0 (control), 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ppm. After harvest; weight, circumference, height, root length, fresh and dry weight, stem root length, fresh and dry weight of stem, plant height, plant stem diameter, fresh plant weight, bud number and vase life were determined. As a result; it has been indicated that AgNPs solutions in different concentrations increased the quality and quantity of cut flowers and bulbs in lily plants. AgNPs increased an average of 26.29% when compared with control in all morphological characteristics except for the vase life. In the light of these findings, AgNPs applications can be preferred as a method that can be used on lily cultivation and reproduction. Nevertheless, considering the deficiency of treatments of AgNPs in lily plants and their poorly known effect on plants, further detailed studies are necessary.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the rooting performance of hardwood cuttings taken from the promising black mulberry genotypes Kemalpaşa, Yelpe, Merkez 3, Merkez 6, Kocacık, Çamdere, and Merkez 7 determined in the province of Tokat under the same environmental conditions. All cuttings were immersed in 6000 ppm IBA solution for 5 seconds before planting and planted on heated bottom tables. The cuttings, which were kept in rooting units for about 3 months, were then removed and measurements were made on them. As a result of the study, statistically, differences were found in root length, root diameter, root number, callus formation rate and rooting rates in the parameters examined. There was no statistically significant difference between genotypes in decay rates. Decay rates of genotypes are between 12.96% - 41.67%, callus formation rates are between 70.83% - 95.39%, rooting rates are between 60.41% - 92.64%, root lengths are between 5.85 - 7.52 cm, root diameters are between 1.42 - 1.75 mm, and root numbers are between 7.87 - 12.67 root/cutting has taken values. In the light of the information obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that Yelpe, Çamdere, and Merkez 6 genotypes showed high rooting success. These results are important in terms of shedding light on the research to be done in order to determine the various studies and the performance of the saplings. It is also a determining factor for enterprises producing saplings.

The province of Istanbul, Şile District has a very advantageous position for beekeeping in terms of its geographical structure and vegetation. The main purpose of this research is to reveal some general characteristics of the beekeeping producers in the Şile District of Istanbul, to evaluate the use of chemicals, and to determine the problems in the production stages. In this evaluation on beekeeping activities, the data obtained through the questionnaire applied to 69 beekeepers in 36 villages in Şile Region were used. With the questions asked in this survey study, detailed data were obtained on many subjects such as the education status of the producers, their experiences, bee colony assets, honey yields, and diseases and pests control. The issues in beekeeping activities are discussed as education, queen production or supply, diseases and pests control. It has been found that the winter colony losses are quite high and the productivity is quite low in the region.