Yapılan bu çalışmada ısıl işleme alternatif termosonikasyon (TS) yöntemi ile taze elma suyu farklı genlik (%60, 80, 100), sıcaklık (40, 50, 60 ve 70°C) ve sürelerde (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ve 30 dakika) pastörize edilmiştir. Bu yöntemin elma suyunda bulunan polifenoloksidaz (PPO) ile peroksidaz (POD) ile fenolik bileşiklere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Fenolik bileşikler HPLC ve FTIR spektroskopisi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İnaktivasyon sonuçlarına bakıldığında elma suyunda %100 genlikte, 70°C sıcaklıkta 15 dakika işlem sonunda PPO enziminin %99’u inaktif olurken, aynı koşullarda POD enziminin %94,5’i inaktif olmuştur. %80 genlik, 60°C sıcaklık ve 15 dakika toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivitenin en iyi korunduğu işlem parametreleri olarak belirlenmiştir. HPLC ile belirlenen fenolik bileşikler; kateşin, epikateşin, klorojenik asit, kafeik asit ve kamferoldur. FTIR spektrumlarına bakıldığında fenolik bileşiklerde önemli bir değişiklik olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda HPLC ve FTIR ile belirlenen fenolik bileşiklerin benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Termosonikasyon elma sularının işlenmesinde enzimlerin inaktivasyonu ve biyoaktif bileşiklerin korunmasında umut verici bir yöntem olarak önerilebilmektedir.

The growth and mortality parameters were examined for the annular seabream Diplodus annularis collected from the Didim coast, Southern Aegean Sea. A total of 654 annular seabream individuals, 263 female (40.21%) and 391 male (59.79%), were sampled by commercial trawlers and gillnets from September 2022 to January 2024. The total length varied between 9.0 and 24.3 cm for females, 8.6 and 24.0 cm for males, and the weight varied between 8.60 and 146.57 g for females, 7.00 and 128.96 g for males. The length-weight relationships were calculated for females, males, and all individuals as W = 0.0115 x L2.9641, W = 0.0131 x L2.8995, and W = 0.0118 x L2.9440, respectively. The growth pattern was determined as negative allometric. The maximum age class was V for both females and males. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 25.27 cm, k = 0.424 year-1, t0 = -0.308 years for females; L∞ = 25.63 cm, k = 0.338 year-1, t0 = -0.935 years for males; L∞ = 27.43 cm, k = 0.283 year-1, t0 = -1.121 years for all individuals. The growth performance index (Φ´) for females, males, and all individuals were 2.432, 2.347, and 2.329, respectively. This study provides the first information on the growth and mortality parameters of D. annularis along the Didim coast, southern Aegean Sea.

Cotoneaster spp. is a plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, which includes different genera and taxa. It is a woody plant that grows from shrubs to trees depending on its height (between 0.2-20 m) and grows in the temperate areas of Europe, North Africa and Asia. Many Cotoneaster species have become highly popular ornamental plants due to their striking leaves, dense flowers, and bright red-black fruits. These species have been used traditionally for the treatment of numerous diseases due to their rich bioactive components present in both their above-ground and below-ground parts. This study investigates the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the above-ground parts of Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch., including its fruits, stems, and leaves. For this purpose, total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity, organic acid and sugar profile, and mineral distributions were determined. According to the results, the highest amounts of macro-minerals identified were potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), while iron (Fe) and boron (B) were the predominant micro-minerals. The dominant organic acid in the fruit was malic acid, while succinic acid was prevalent in the stems and leaves. Sucrose and fructose, the sugars detected in the fruit, were found in equal levels in the stems and leaves. Fructose was identified as the dominant sugar in the leaves. It was determined that the fruit, stem, and leave parts of the Cotoneaster coriaceus Franch. plant species were rich in TPC, with the stems exhibiting higher antioxidant capacity.

Milk traits of sheep are affected by many environmental and genetic factors. These traits are quantitative traits and are determined by many genes. This study aimed to investigate polymorphisms of milk-related Fatty-acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), and solute carrier 27A3 (SLC27A3) genes in cross-bred Hamdani sheep. Blood samples were collected from 100 healthy cross-bred Hamdani ewes from the jugular vein into K3-EDTA-containing tubes. Genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial DNA isolation kit. PCR products of FASN (275 bp), SCD1 (225 bp), SLC27A3-P1 (341 bp), and SLC27A3-P2 (319 bp) were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using SSil (AciI), Cfr13I, AluI, and Hpy188III the restriction enzyme, respectively. However, all gene regions were found to be monomorphic. In the study, only TT, AA, AA, and GG genotypes were detected for FASN, SCD1, SLC27A3-P1, and SLC27A3-P2, respectively. Allele and genotype frequencies were 1.00 for all genotypes and alleles. Although this study did not reveal favorable genotypes in FASN, SCD1, and SLC27A3 genes that can be used for milk traits, more comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to investigate polymorphisms in cross-bred Hamdani sheep.

Bu çalışmada, rat diyetlerine katılan farklı protein kaynaklarının serum dokularında karaciğer enzimleri ve lipit profili üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada protein kaynağı olarak soya küspesi, buğday ve mısır gluteni kullanıldı. Araştırma Grup I, Grup II ve Grup III olarak üç grup şeklinde dizayn edildi. Araştırmada her grupta 8 adet erkek ve 8 adet dişi olmak üzere toplam 24 adet erkek, 24 adet dişi Sprague Dawley cinsi rat kullanıldı. Araştırmada hayvanlar doğumdan itibaren anneleri ile birlikte 30 gün, annelerinden ayrıldıktan sonra da 30 gün olmak üzere toplam 60 gün deneme yemleri ile beslendi. Çalışmanın sonunda serum dokusunda karaciğer enzimlerini belirlemek amacıyla alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), alkalin fosfataz (ALP) ve gama-glutamil transferaz (GGT), kreatin kinaz (CK); lipit profilini belirlemek için triaçilgliserol (TAG), diaçilgliserol (DAG), monoaçilgliserol (MAG), serbest yağ asidi (SYA), kolesterol (Kol) ve fosfolipit (F1) analizleri yapıldı. Çalışmanın sonunda dişi ratların karaciğer enzimleri seviyeleri arasında fark bulunmazken, erkek hayvanların AST ve ALP seviyeleri arasında önemli fark olduğu tespit edildi. Grup II’nin AST oranı Grup I ve Grup III’den düşük, Grup II ve III’ün ALP oranı ise Grup I’den önemli derecede yüksek bulundu. Çalışmada dişi ratların “De Ritis” seviyeleri (AST/ALT) Grup I (2,42/ 1,84) ve Grup II’de (2,28/0,71); erkek ratlarda ise Grup III’de (1,29/2,71) yüksek tespit edildi. Çalışmada dişi ratların Grup I’inde serbest yağ asit oranı Grup II’den önemli derecede düşük (p<0,05), Grup III ile benzer bulundu. Çalışmanın sonunda farklı protein kaynaklarının erkek ratların ALP ve AST oranlarını, dişi ve erkek ratların De Ritis seviyelerini ve dişi ratların ise SYA oranını önemli oranlarda etkiledikleri tespit edildi.

This study was carried out to assess feed resources mineral composition and utilization of mineral soil in the Haramaya district of the East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. The survey data was collected from four kebeles using a semi-structured questionnaire from 80 respondents (20 from each kebele) selected randomly. Two natural pasture samples across the wet and dry seasons were collected using a quadrant from each season. Two maize and sorghum stover samples were collected for analysis at the end of harvesting seasons. Two mineral soil samples were collected from Lake Adelle and Small Abaya. Table salt (50%), mineral water (30%), and mineral soil (20%) were used as mineral supplements for livestock. Farmers obtain mineral soil from the licking area of the mineral soil and feed animals by hiking them in the licking area and taking the mineral soil into the home. Maize stover was deficient in Ca, P, Na, Zn, and Cu, while sorghum stover was deficient in P, Na, Mg, and Cu. During the wet season, natural pasture consists of higher (p<0.05) P, K, Cu, Zn, and Mn while Ca and Fe were higher (p<0.05) in the dry season. During wet and dry seasons, the Ca, P, Na, Mg, and K content were 14.53 vs 20.47, 1.51 vs 0.82, 0.38 vs 0.45, 4.01 vs 3.84, and 16.50 vs 6.40 g/kg, respectively. The Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents were 365.14 vs 415.22, 477.78 vs 336.11, 8.48 vs 7.38 and 42.74 vs 16.94 mg/kg in wet and dry seasons, respectively. The mineral soil of both lakes was deficient in P and K, but high in Na and Fe. Supplementation of animals with deficient minerals in their feed is necessary in the study area and the mineral soil can be used as a mineral supplement for ruminants. However, an extension service is essential to improve mineral soil utilization in the study area.

With its culinary use dating back more than six thousand years, amaranth is known as the ancient grain and the food of the future. Recently recommended for consumption by FAO/WHO, the amaranth plant is a prominent, “forgotten,” functional food that can be used in human nutrition because of its drought-resistant cultivation, gluten-free, and protein and fiber-enriched content. This study evaluates amaranth's botanical character, functional properties, impacts on health, preparation-cooking methods, and use in local and traditional Turkish cuisines. Numerous studies have indicated the association between amaranth’s chemical composition and its anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, gluten-intolerance, and cholesterol-lowering properties, and its assistance with intestinal flora and protein digestibility. Manifold dishes can be made using amaranth seeds and flour in traditional cuisines. Raw and cooked amaranth grains are used in rice, soup, and breakfast cereal. In the food industry, it is a crucial grain alternative to various bakery products, such as bread, pasta, cookies, manti, noodles, biscuits, and crackers, made from amaranth flour. There is a need for alternative recipes to increase the use of amaranth in the kitchen. In this context, it is thought that awareness should be increased by applying it to recipes that can replace semolina and bulgur in traditional cuisines. For this purpose, this study aims to increase the consumption of the ancient grain amaranth by including it in recipes in traditional Turkish cuisine.

Food waste is a significant problem worldwide. These food wastes, often discarded without any preliminary processing, can be rich in bioactive substances. In this study, the aim was to identify the phenolic compounds in pumpkin, rosehip and pomegranate seeds, which are frequently consumed in winter. For this purpose, ultrasonically assisted methanolic extracts were prepared from seeds separated from other waste parts (such as shells, stems, and leaves). The results indicated that pomegranate seeds had the highest total phenolic content, with 45.6±3.1 mg GAE/g sample (P<0.05). Similarly, pomegranate seeds also showed the highest total antioxidant capacity in both CUPRAC (114.7±2.6 mg torolox/g sample) and DPPH (71.2±3.8 mg torolox/g sample) analyses (P<0.05). In phenolic profiling analysis using HPLC-PDA, syringic acid was the most abundant compound in pumpkin seeds, (-)-catechin in rosehip seeds, and punicalagin derivatives in pomegranate seeds.

This study investigates the effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the detoxification of AFM1 contamination. Experiments conducted on two groups of ice cream samples measured an average AFM1 level of 0.0308 µg/kg in the control group and 0.0258 µg/kg in the group with L. rhamnosus added. The results indicate that L. rhamnosus significantly reduced AFM1 levels (46%) and was thus effective in the detoxification of AFM1. Our statistical results were found to be significant (p<0.05). These findings highlight the potential of L. rhamnosus to reduce AFM1 contamination in ice cream products, making a significant contribution to food safety. Controlling mycotoxins in food products is critical for protecting consumer health and enhancing food safety.

Although there are intensively selected lines and non-selected standard breeds in terms of production characteristics in the chickens, there is limited information on the comparing their egg shape-related traits. This study aimed to compare using the parameters of weight, width, length, shape index-L/W (Length/Width), and shape index-W/L of egg in some meat-type (Anadolu-T, Ross 308, Dam Line and Sire Line), egg-type (Atak-S, Lohmann Brown and Lohmann Selected Leghorn), and standard breeds (Sultan and Ameraucana). The data from 2476 eggs from 9 genotypes obtained from 50-55 weeks hens and classified under 3 main types were analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods. The mean egg weights of Sire Line, Ross 308, Anadolu-T, Lohmann Brown, Atak-S, Dam Line, Lohmann Selected Leghorn, Sultan and Ameraucana genotypes were 69.89f, 69.10f, 62.84e, 59.59d, 59.58d, 59.51d, 56.81c, 45.87b and 43.03a g, respectively (P<0.05). In the same order, the mean egg width was determined as 44.72f, 45.61g, 43.41de, 43.32de, 43.62e, 43.17d, 42.46c, 39.90b and 39.17a mm (P<0.05). The mean egg length was found to be 61.97g, 58.80e, 59.72f, 56.12bc, 57.58d, 56.59c, 56.00b, 51.30a and 51.47a mm (P<0.05). The egg shape index-W/L and egg shape index-L/W was calculated to be 74.78a, 76.50b, 77.55c % and 138.67c, 128.99a, 137.59c, 129.45a, 132.16b, 131.12b, 131.93b, 128.68a, 131.47b %, respectively (P<0.05). The egg weights of meat-type, egg-type, and standard breeds were 64.61c, 58.36b, and 45.42a g, respectively (P<0.01). The egg width was found to be 44.06c, 42.97b and 39.78a mm (P<0.05). The egg length was 59.05c, 56.20b, and 51.35a mm (P<0.05). We also detected significant positive correlations (P<0.01) between the egg weight and the egg width (r=0.88), and the egg length (r=0.83). In the discriminant analyses, the success of assigning eggs to their groups was relatively low (52.4%) in terms of genotypes, but high (78.1%) in the type groups. The significant changes in the egg weight and shape-related traits were determined according to chicken genotypes and types. It was observed that intensive selection in chickens, especially in egg-type genotypes, had a strong effect on egg weight and shape-related traits.