Climate change has become one of the most important threats to worldwide agricultural production systems. This paper evaluates how Bangladesh, a prominent developing country in the low-lying Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, is susceptible to climate change and assesses present agricultural practices that target sustaining production under these threats. The study synthesizes the ongoing research findings of climatic change tendency, involving the rising of temperature, alteration of precipitation pattern, along with the onward frequency of extreme weather incidence and their complication to crop production. It discusses the key susceptibilities of Bangladesh’s crop sector, such as a shortage of irrigation water, the impact of rising temperatures, increasing sea levels and the loss of biodiversity. Moreover, the study explores the resilience strategies and measures adopted by farmers, policymakers and researchers to alleviate the hostile effect of climate change on crop production. With all these considerations, the paper aimed to analyse the current climate change trend, adverse effects to agricultural sectors and existing resilience practices in Bangladesh as well as future strategies against climate change.

Bu çalışmada, ozon gazının Listeria spp. (tavuk işletmeleri ve tavuk etlerinden izole edilen) üzerine antibakteriyel etkilerini tahmin etmek amacıyla %99.99 doğruluk oranına sahip bir XGBoost tabanlı tahmin modeli geliştirilmiştir. Makine öğrenimi süreci öncesinde, deneysel verilerden elde edilen 75 adet veri üzerinde çeşitli ön işlemler gerçekleştirilmiş ve verilerin %70’i eğitim, %30’u test seti olarak rastgele ayrılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında varsayılan ayarlarla beş farklı makine öğrenmesi algoritması denenmiş ve modellerin performansı karşılaştırılmıştır. R² skoruna göre en başarılı modelin XGBoost algoritması olduğu tespit edilmiştir. XGBoost modelinin doğruluk performansını artırmak amacıyla hiper-parametre optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ozon gazı uygulamasının süresinin artmasıyla birlikte Listeria spp. üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkinin arttığı gözlemlenmiş, özellikle 20 dakika sonunda Listeria ivanovii, Listeria monocytogenes ve Listeria innocua türleri tamamen inhibe edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ozonun Listeria spp. üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkisinin türden türe değişebileceği ve ozon uygulamasının gıda güvenliği pratiklerinde etkili bir antibakteriyel yöntem olarak potansiyel taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, gıda güvenliği alanında prediktif modellerin endüstride uygulanabilirliğini göstermektedir.

Küresel iklim değişiklikleri ve artan nüfus alternatif nişasta kaynaklarına yönelik araştırmaları artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, at kestanesi tohumlarından alkali ve ultrason destekli yöntemlerle nişasta üretimi gerçekleştirmek ve üretilen nişastaların morfolojik, termal ve fonksiyonel özelliklerini belirlemektir. Ultrason destekli yöntem nişastaların şişme gücü ve su/yağ tutma kapasite değerlerini yükseltmiş, sineresis değerlerini ise düşürmüştür. Örnekler minimum %6 ve %12 nişasta oranlarına sahipken jel oluşumu göstermiştir. Alkali ve ultrasonik yöntemlerle üretilen nişastaların amiloz içerikleri sırasıyla %25,41 ve %29,86’dır. Nişastaların termal bozunmasının en yüksek olduğu sıcaklıklar 221-343°C aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Ultrasonik yöntem nişastanın lmax değerini 523,0 nm’den 583 nm’ye yükseltmiş ve spesifik dönme açısını 59,90’dan 21,75’e düşürmüştür. Termogravimetrik veriler kütlenin %50’sinin alkali yöntem için 302-312°C ve ultrason destekli yöntem için 303-304°C aralığında kaybolduğunu göstermiştir. Ultrasonikasyon, ortorombik kristal yapıya sahip nişastaların yapısında kısmi bir değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Çalışmamız alternatif nişasta kaynakları ile ilgili kapsamlı bir çalışmadır. Üretilen nişastaların başta glutensiz ürün üretiminde ve jel yapısı istenen ürünlerde kullanılma potansiyeli bulunmaktadır.

In this study, the effects of pre-slaughter fasting periods (8, 12, and 16 h) on stress levels, body weight loss, slaughter, carcass, and meat quality characteristics were investigated in broiler chickens with different growth rates (medium and fast-growing). In the experiment, 15 male and 15 female broilers each from the ANADOLU-T A1 (medium growing) dam line and ROSS-308 hybrid (fast growing) at 42 days of age were used. Body weight losses did not differ significantly among fasting periods, but medium-growing broilers exhibited higher body weight losses across all fasting groups (P<0.05). The carcass yield was higher in fast-growing broilers (P<0.05), while abdominal fat ratios were higher in medium-growing broilers (P<0.05). The amount of residual feed in the gizzard, digestive system, and gizzard ratios decreased with increasing fasting duration (P<0.05). Digestive system ratios also differed between genotypes (P<0.05). An increase in breast ratio was observed with longer fasting periods (P<0.05). On the other hand, the fast-growing genotype had higher breast ratios, lower wing ratios, lower back ratios, and lower neck ratios (P<0.05). Fasting periods did not significantly affect the L*, a*, and b* color values of breast and thigh meat, but differences between genotypes were significant, with higher values observed in the fast-growing genotype (P<0.05). Breast pH values did not differ among fasting periods but were higher in the fast-growing genotype (P<0.05). Thigh pH values, however, varied significantly between fasting periods and genotypes (P<0.05). The medium-growing genotype had higher thigh pH values, and thigh pH increased with longer fasting periods (P<0.05). White striping and woody breast scores in breast muscles were higher in the fast-growing genotype, with partial increases observed as fasting duration increased. In conclusion, the results indicate that a 12-h pre-slaughter fasting period is sufficient for digestive tract clearance and carcass quality. However, meat quality defects in fast-growing genotypes should be monitored.

Salinity is a primary abiotic factor affecting agricultural productivity in arid and semiarid environments. The stages that are most vulnerable to salinity are germination and early seedling growth. There are limited reports on the responses of Lupinus albus L. to salinity. Therefore, in the study, we aim to test germination and early seedling growth of L. albus under different salinity levels. To this end, seeds of L. albus were treated with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) of NaCl under laboratory conditions. A total of 16 parameters, including germination and growth, were examined. The results showed that under 200 mM NaCl, germination percentage (GP) decreased by 13.4% and germination rate index (GRI) decreased by 69.24%, while mean germination time (MGT) increased by 30.02%. In addition, the shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RWF), and root dry weight (RDW), root to shoot dry matter (R/S DM), shoot water content (SWC), root water content (RWC), and seedling vigor index (SVI) were reduced respectively by 82.69%, 75.65%, 53.30%, 70%, 66.66%, 70.86%, 23.47%, 0.35% and 82.57% under 200 mM NaCl, compared to the control condition. However, root to shoot ratio (R/S), shoot dry weight (SDW), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM) were increased by 43.33%, 65.07%, 249.68%, and 3.22% under 200 mM NaCl. Overall, the study results showed that the critical level to mitigate the negative effect of salinity is 150 mM NaCl (-0.6 MPa osmotic potential) for germination and 50 mM NaCl (-0.2 MPa osmotic potential) for growth. Therefore, L. albus has a low tolerance to salinity.

Providing competitive advantage in international markets, encouraging innovation, increasing productivity and supporting sustainable growth constitute the long-term goals of countries. In order to gain competitive advantage in changing market conditions, it is not enough to limit natural resources, capital, labor and production factors; the existence of social networks and information is also needed. To increase competitiveness in agriculture, which stands out as the primary sector for rural areas in country economies; there is a necessity to use technology, value-added production, effective use of resources, provide employment opportunities, employ qualified human resources and develop strong collaborations. In accordance with these needs, it is necessary to adapt the concepts of social and human capital to the agricultural sector and develop strategies for the current situation that are concretized with data. Within the scope of this study, a micro-scale study was carried out to analyze the social and human capital structure of the agricultural employment market in Konya. Face-to-face interviews were conducted via a survey with a total of 268 agricultural operators, 96 unpaid family laborers, 294 agricultural workers and 30 agricultural intermediaries. In employment areas where data were collected using social and human capital scales, problems such as social exclusion, feeling insecure due to working conditions, polarization between local and foreign labor, and low levels of bridging social capital were encountered. Policy recommendations have been developed to solve these problems and also policy recommendations have been made for community building and successful employment management in agriculture.

The study explored the potential of local Oasian sorghums from the Algerian Sahara, alongside the Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (ACSAD) varieties, focusing on their sap and sugar yield capabilities, for selecting the most appropriate ones as good sources for bioethanol production. The method used in this study consisted of a complete randomized block design with three repetitions in open field. Harvesting was carried out at two vegetative stages: milky-pasty and hard-grain. Morphometric measurements and estimation of the produced biomass yields followed. The second step of the study concerned the extraction of the sap from the stems and the determination of its volume and sugar content. Depending on the physiological stage, the volume of produced sap fluctuated as much as the sugar rate. The diameter of the stems varied the bark-to-pith ratio of populations. According to this ratio, the largest fraction of pith, which contains sap, was found in the populations: Hamra, Kharssi, Beïda-Adrar, respectively, 0.65, 0.83, and 0.91. The stems yield of Biofuel and Beïda-Adrar were notably high at milky-pasty stage, approximately 1.87 and 1.51 kg m-², respectively; indicating their suitability for bioethanol production. The research highlighted the variation in sap volume across different growth stages and populations, with a proportional relationship observed between sap volume and sugar concentration. The analysis demonstrated significant differences across all the studied parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) further categorized the parameters into two distinct groups based on growth phases, facilitating a deeper understanding of the determinants of sorghum’s bioethanol potential. The findings emphasize the need for a balanced selection of sorghum populations for bioethanol production, considering sap volume, sugar yield, and biometric parameters. This study not only underscores the viability of sorghum as a bioethanol source but also aligns with sustainable agriculture and renewable energy goals, especially in arid regions like the Algerian Sahara.

Anaplasmosis, a vector-borne haemoparasitic disease, poses a significant threat to animal health. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in goats within the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. The research was conducted at the SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), involving observations of 202 goats. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of 44 goats. Thin blood smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa, and examined under a microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests in SPSS Statistics version 26. The study found that goat rearing systems significantly influenced infection rates (P < 0.05). Anaplasmosis was more prevalent in goats displaying pale mucous membranes and symptoms such as fever or weakness (P < 0.05). To mitigate the disease, strategic control measures, including vector reduction and routine health monitoring, are recommended.

Consumers are shifting to a plant-based lifestyle worldwide as more sustainable and healthier alternatives. However, despite the increasing popularity of plant-based vegan products, scientific evidence on their nutritional quality and health effects is still lacking. This study assessed the nutritional and cytotoxic characteristics of the vegan and regular cheese varieties sold in the retail markets in Istanbul, Türkiye in terms of total protein content, amino acid profile, vitamin B, calcium, and in vitro cytotoxicity using Kjeldahl, LC-MS/MS, HLPC, ICP-MS, and in vitro MTS assay, respectively. Our findings showed that the protein content in the regular cheese varieties was 20.7%, while it was 13.3% in vegan tofu only. The ratio between essential and non-essential amino acids in the regular and vegan tofu cheeses was 36.0/64.0 and 38.0/62.0, respectively. Vitamins B6, B9, and B12 were detected in none of the varieties, and calcium levels were found to be 568.1 in the regular cheeses and 17.8 mg/100 g in the vegan cheeses. Besides, in vitro, MTS assay demonstrated that regular cheese Roquefort and vegan varieties significantly decreased the cell viability of the HTC-116 human colon cancer cell line. Overall, the current research highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the vegan cheese types better to understand their nutritional, pre- and clinical toxicity, and bioavailability characteristics in a dose and time-dependent manner using advanced techniques and improving the nutritional quality of vegan products remains a challenge for the food industry.

In this study, the regeneration of the Colchicum soboliferum species, one of the medicinal aromatic plants growing naturally in Türkiye, was examined by the somatic embryogenesis method. Within the scope of experiments on somatic embryogenesis, corms of the Colchicum soboliferum species were used as explant source. 16 media containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg.L⁻¹), Benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹), and 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹) as plant growth regulators were used in this regeneration research. Different ratios and combinations of Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media were tested. In the applications, the highest embryogenic callus formation was observed with a rate of 60% in Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media containing 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). The highest embryo formation, with a rate of 48.33%, was obtained in MS media containing 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ Benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). No growth was observed in the control application that did not contain plant growth regulators.