İklim değişikliğinin toprak erozyonu da dâhil olmak üzere daha şiddetli çevresel problemlere yol açması beklenmektedir. Bu araştırmada Yeşilırmak Havzasın da toprak erozyonu yoluyla meydana gelen sediment verimi ve sediment tutma kapasitesi üzerine iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin InVEST sediment iletim modeli ile incelenmesine yöneliktir. Araştırmada İklim değişikliğinin toprak erozyonu üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi için GFDL-CM3 (Jeofiziksel Akışkanlar Dinamiği Laboratuvarı İklim Modeli Sürüm III) genel dolaşım modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları kullanılmıştır. 2070’ li yıllara kadar Yeşilırmak Havzasında referans döneme göre sediment veriminde ve sediment tutunma oranlarında sırasıyla %9,48 ve %12,47 düzeyine varan azalışlar öngörülmüştür. Toprak erozyonu oranlarındaki azalmanın temel sebebi yağış miktarlarındaki düşüşlerden kaynaklanan yağış erozovitesindeki azalmadan kaynaklanmaktadır ve bu azalmanın etkisi sulak alan sistemlerine ve tarım arazilerine olumlu şekilde yansıması öngörülmüştür. Ayrıca, bu araştırma gelecekteki iklim değişikliğinin toprak erozyonuna olası etkilerinin mekânsal ve zamansal olarak tahmin edilmesinde InVEST model yaklaşımının avantajlarına işaret etmektedir.

Impact of Covid-19 pandemic introduced with itself some socio-economic transformation as well as a myriad of problems. Closure of borders, alongside a fall in trade and human mobility brought forward concerns related to the self-sufficiency of nations. Throughout the pandemic outbreak, there was an emerging need for the countries to harness their own manufacturing resources and capacity efficiently to answer soaring demands of domestic market. At this point, visibility of agricultural sector has become foregrounded because of its inherent role in food and nutrition. Particularly speaking; producers who supplied need for seasonal labor from other countries were forced to take instantaneous measures and implement political changes. In Türkiye, since demand for seasonal labor could be met through domestic resources, it was feasible to prevent any failures during manufacturing process. Nevertheless, there were common concerns arising among the public on the measures to take for the work and life conditions of seasonal agricultural workers and required policies to implement. Within the context of this study, research on the discussions, practices, and measures to follow for agricultural sector during Covid-19 pandemic period has been conducted. Analyses have been drawn on the regulation in Türkiye and relevant policies have been suggested.

The purpose of this paper is to look into the determinants of agricultural output growth in Ethiopia. Along with this general objective, this study intends to look at the trend of total factor productivity growth in the agricultural sector and its contribution to agricultural output growth. Using autoregressive distributed lag model bounds testing, this research estimates the long-run and short-run cointegration between agricultural output growth and the total factor productivity. In this study, Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillip-Perron unit root tests were used to find out the order of integration of the variables. The selected econometric model goes through all the diagnostic tests and confirms the absence of heteroscedasticity, serial correlation, and normality. The finding of this study indicates that total factor productivity, agricultural land, agricultural machinery, and fertilizer all have a significant and positive effect on the growth of agricultural output. According to the findings of this study, total factor productivity is the primary driver of agricultural output growth. Therefore, as it has played a strong role in developed countries' agriculture, total factor productivity has the potential to be a game-changer in terms of sustainable agricultural growth. Taking into account the findings of this study, we strongly recommend that the government of Ethiopia should devise policies in the agricultural sector that could enhance the level of total factor productivity.

The study analysed the extent of vulnerability to food insecurity and household coping mechanisms among yam farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional data were used for this study with the aid of a well-designed questionnaire. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 360 respondents. Multinomial logit (MNL) model and Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) method were employed for the data analysis. The results of the FGLS model showed that 49.3% of the households were food secure and experienced low vulnerability to food insecurity. However, 30.23% of them were food insecure and highly vulnerable; they are considered as chronically food-insecure households. Also, the study revealed that 11.01% of the food secure households may be food insecure in the future if necessary attention and intervention are not given by both households and the government. Again, 9.4% of the households that were experiencing food shortage, as at the time of the study, may recover in the future. The findings of MNL revealed that the age of the household head, main occupation, household size, land size, net household income, and membership in a cooperative society were the main significant factors in yam farming households' decision to use coping strategies. As a result, it is recommended that leveraging the potential role of coping mechanisms already used by households during food shortages, and building a comprehensive human capital development, such as education, will be vital policy options to reduce food insecurity.

This study examined the allelopathic effect of different concentration of aqueous extracts of Parkia biglobosa stem bark on the germination and growth of weed seeds species. Seeds of Eragorastis tenella, Eragorastis atrovirens, Pannicum pedicellata, Pennisetum sub albidum, Hypharrhenia rufa and Brcichiaria brizantha were tested for plumule germination and radicle growth with three different concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% plant extract while ordinary water was used as control. Growth parameters including germinated weeds population were measured; the highest germinated weeds population was at the control (8.06±3.97) and the least was obtained from the 10% concentration with the mean of (4.42±2.59). Weeds population decreased as the concentration increased. The highest mean of weeds height was recorded from 1% concentration (11.46±7.08) which is statistically significant while the least mean was recorded from 10% concentration (7.69±6.70) statistically not significant. The family emergence by concentration indicated that, the experiment under control had (4 families) for 1% (2 families), 5% (2 families) and 10% (4 families) emerged. The germination, radicle and plumule length were inhibited when compare with control and the inhibition was statistically not significant at.

EXPO, which is used as the abbreviation of the word 'exposition', which means 'World Exhibition' or 'World's Fair' in English; It is a global event that has been organized around the world since the 19th century and aims to promote the city and country in which it is held in the national and international arena, raise awareness, educate the public, share innovations, produce, support development and encourage cooperation. Our country participated in this event for the first time with the 1851 London Expo Organization during the Ottoman Empire Period. It was hosted for the first time with the Expo Organization held in Antalya in 2016, and it is the host country for the second time with the Expo organization held in Hatay on April 1, 2022. Expo 2021 Hatay, whose full name is 'International Horticulture Fair Hatay, Turkey 2021'; It was accredited as a Class B international Expo by the International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH) on January 23, 2017 and registered according to the decision of the AIPH Board of Directors. Within the scope of this study, the economic, cultural and environmental effects of the EXPO'21 Hatay organization, which is a very important tool for the national branding and development of Hatay, were evaluated, and suggestions were made about the correct reuse of the fairgrounds and their sustainability after the organization was over.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals not essential for the growth and development of plants and other organisms. Brassica rapa accumulates several heavy metals in its leaves and is reportedly suitable for phytoremediation. In this study, Cd uptake and accumulation in the leaves of B. rapa exposed to different cadmium levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 μM CdSO4) were analyzed, as well as the effect of Cd stress on HMA2 and HMA4 genes expression were investigated. The qRT-PCR results showed that HMA2 and HMA4 play a vital role in cadmium uptake and translocation in B. rapa at low Cd levels (5-20 μM). However, exposure to high Cd levels (50 and 100 μM) significantly reduced the growth and biomass of B. rapa. Furthermore, high levels of Cd inhibit the expression of HMA2 and HMA4 genes in B. rapa. Our data show a multigenetic (co-acting of many transporter gene clusters) response in the signaling pathway associated with Cd accumulation and tolerance mechanism in B. rapa.

Beekeeping, which is a livestock branch made depending on nature, is to collect nectar from many vegetable sources from various regions, and to transform them into different bee products in the most economical and appropriate seasonal periods. Many products are obtained with beekeeping. The contribution of these products to the economy is very high. The use of bee products on human health has also increased in recent years. Apart from these, bees also make important contributions to the ecosystem. They are pollinators of many plant species existing in the world and they also serve as pollinators of many fruits and vegetables produced in greenhouses. Thanks to the pollinatorship of bees, the quality of the products obtained is increasing. Again, with its pollinator function, bees ensure the continuity of many endangered plants, and play an important role in ecosystem balance by increasing plant and animal diversity. Bees are not only involved in the pollination of plants that need an external pollinator, but also the product quality and quantity are increased in many plants that perform their own pollination. In this review, the importance of bees in pollination and the effect of global warming on bees are mentioned.

The bean plant is a legume plant that binds free nitrogen of the air by the nodosity formed in the roots. For this reason, it was aimed to investigate the effect the pod of bean characteristics of bean by applying different doses of phosphorus and nitrogen on Göksun beans cultivar. In the study, 0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1 phosphorus and 0, 4, 8, 12 kg da-1 nitrogen doses were applied to Göksun bean variety. The pod length (cm), pod width (mm), pod diameter (mm), number of pods per plant (edet), weight of a single pod (g), number of seeds per pod (pieces), weight of single seeds (g) of Göksun bean cultivar were investigated. In the research, it was noted that the effect of phosphorus doses only on the pod diameter, the effects of nitrogen doses on the pod length, pod diameter, pod width, single seed weight and seed number of pod were significant. The differences in number of pods in the plant, seed number of pods, pod length, pod weight, single seed weight in terms of phosphorus and nitrogen interaction were founded statistically significant. According to the results of the research, it was determined that 4 kg da-1 and above nitrogen dose applications made a positive contribution in terms of pod properties

In this study, the forest fire that occurred in Manavgat district of Antalya on 28 July 2021 and lasted for 15 days was analysed by remote sensing techniques using Landsat 8 satellite images. Satellite images of the study area dated July 2021 before the forest fire and August 2021 after the forest fire were obtained. Burnt areas were identified using data’s such as Normalized Burned Ratio (NBR) and Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) indices and Difference Normalized Burned Ratio (DNBR) and Difference Normalized Vegetation Index obtained by using the differences of these indices. The maximum similarity algorithm of pixel-based controlled classification was also applied to the data set. The area destroyed by burning after the forest fire was tried to be calculated with these two indexes. It was investigated whether the results of three different methods were compatible and consistent with the results of the General Directorate of Forestry. Although there are differences between the results, it was determined that the selected method and the materials used were suitable for such studies.