Anaplasmosis, a vector-borne haemoparasitic disease, poses a significant threat to animal health. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in goats within the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. The research was conducted at the SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), involving observations of 202 goats. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of 44 goats. Thin blood smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa, and examined under a microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests in SPSS Statistics version 26. The study found that goat rearing systems significantly influenced infection rates (P < 0.05). Anaplasmosis was more prevalent in goats displaying pale mucous membranes and symptoms such as fever or weakness (P < 0.05). To mitigate the disease, strategic control measures, including vector reduction and routine health monitoring, are recommended.

Consumers are shifting to a plant-based lifestyle worldwide as more sustainable and healthier alternatives. However, despite the increasing popularity of plant-based vegan products, scientific evidence on their nutritional quality and health effects is still lacking. This study assessed the nutritional and cytotoxic characteristics of the vegan and regular cheese varieties sold in the retail markets in Istanbul, Türkiye in terms of total protein content, amino acid profile, vitamin B, calcium, and in vitro cytotoxicity using Kjeldahl, LC-MS/MS, HLPC, ICP-MS, and in vitro MTS assay, respectively. Our findings showed that the protein content in the regular cheese varieties was 20.7%, while it was 13.3% in vegan tofu only. The ratio between essential and non-essential amino acids in the regular and vegan tofu cheeses was 36.0/64.0 and 38.0/62.0, respectively. Vitamins B6, B9, and B12 were detected in none of the varieties, and calcium levels were found to be 568.1 in the regular cheeses and 17.8 mg/100 g in the vegan cheeses. Besides, in vitro, MTS assay demonstrated that regular cheese Roquefort and vegan varieties significantly decreased the cell viability of the HTC-116 human colon cancer cell line. Overall, the current research highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the vegan cheese types better to understand their nutritional, pre- and clinical toxicity, and bioavailability characteristics in a dose and time-dependent manner using advanced techniques and improving the nutritional quality of vegan products remains a challenge for the food industry.

The entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been one of the important sources of biopesticides and applied in biological control against agricultural pests for many decades. Isolation and characterization of Bt isolates from different habitats around the world allow the discovery of new Bt strains with high insecticidal activity and the ability to cope with the problem of resistance to pesticides. The goal of this study is to obtain a new Bt collection from hazelnut orchards in Türkiye and to investigate the insecticidal cry1 gene content of these isolates and to reveal their protein profiles and serovars. Bt was isolated from 28 soil and leaf samples collected from 14 different locations in Ordu province. Of the 302 Bt-like colonies examined, 63 were observed to carry crystals in the form of parasporal inclusions and the Bt index was found to be 0.21. The presence of cry1 gene in Bt isolates were analyzed using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The results showed that 21 isolates (33%) were positive for cry1 gene. When the protein profiles of the Bt isolates were examined by SDS-PAGE analysis, bands of 130 kDa, 60 kDa, 43 kDa and larger than 200 kDa were obtained in most of the samples. In order to reveal the serovar types of Bt isolates, hag gene was amplified and the PCR products were further sequenced. The analysis identified the Bt tochigiensis and Bt xiaguangiensis serovars among the screened Bt isolates. This study reports the isolation and characterization of a novel collection of B. thuringiensis isolates from hazelnut orchards in Ordu province (Northern Türkiye), identifying the cry1 gene carrying strains with potential toxicity against some lepidopteran pests.

In this study, the regeneration of the Colchicum soboliferum species, one of the medicinal aromatic plants growing naturally in Türkiye, was examined by the somatic embryogenesis method. Within the scope of experiments on somatic embryogenesis, corms of the Colchicum soboliferum species were used as explant source. 16 media containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg.L⁻¹), Benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹), and 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹) as plant growth regulators were used in this regeneration research. Different ratios and combinations of Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media were tested. In the applications, the highest embryogenic callus formation was observed with a rate of 60% in Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media containing 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). The highest embryo formation, with a rate of 48.33%, was obtained in MS media containing 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ Benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). No growth was observed in the control application that did not contain plant growth regulators.

The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier is predominantly a devasting infested stored grain pest of cereals, whose development proceeds within a single grain of infested cereals. Investigating greener alternatives to widely used chemical control techniques is crucial because synthetic chemicals pose risks to public health and the environment.  This investigation was carried out for developing the ecofriendly control management of the Angoumois grain moth in stored cereals through utilizing four botanical powders and one insecticide, wood ash (1 gm), and a single synthetic insecticide (Carbaryl) (0.25mg), neem (1 gm), Korobi (1 gm), Bishkatali (1 gm) and Datura (1 gm) treatments against untreated control in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). It was revealed that Neem (Azadiracta indica) powder at 1 g/100 g seed performed excellently, resulting in minimization of adult mortality percent, adult emergence, grain weight loss, and number of holes per ten seeds. The maximum percent of germination was noted in bishkathali (Persicaria lapathifolia) powder at 1 g/100 g seed, and moreover, bishkathali powder functions more effectively for limiting infestation percent. Therefore, the botanical neem and bishkathali powder at 2 g/100 g seed rate is the better alternative of carbaryl at 0.5 g/100 g rate, and it could be suggested for Angoumois grain moth management at storage.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivation in regions like Ramechhap, Bagmati Province, Nepal faces challenges in improving yield and economic returns due to suboptimal agronomic practices. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of pinching and micronutrient sprays (zinc and boron) on growth, yield, and economic returns of okra. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of pinching and zinc-boron foliar application on key growth parameters, including the number of leaves, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, and total yield. Pinching significantly increased the number of leaves and fruits per plant, as well as the total yield. The application of 0.25% Zn + 0.25% B resulted in the highest fruit length, fruit weight, and total yield. The combined treatment of pinching and Zn-B spray (P1M3) recorded the highest fruit length (11.13 cm), number of fruits per plant (21.91), and yield (17.68 t ha-1). Economic analysis revealed that this combination resulted in the highest net return (NRs. 774,869.35 ha-1) and the highest benefit-cost ratio (B:C = 1.95), indicating that it could significantly improve farm income for smallholder farmers in the region. These results demonstrate the potential of integrated agronomic practices, including pinching and micronutrient application, to enhance both productivity and profitability in okra cultivation.

Plantation forestry primarily aims to enhance the production of high-quality timber. This research focuses on evaluating the effect of various climatic factors (such as relative humidity, annual precipitation, average, minimum and maximum temperatures) on the growth parameters (including tree height, breast height diameter and base diameter) of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) and Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (L.) Holmboe). This study was conducted in two adjacent plantations established in 1995, with data collected over a three-year period (2022-2024). To assess growth patterns, 30 trees from each plantation were randomly selected and monitored. Climatic data were sourced from Türkiye’s general directorate of meteorology and climatology. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that growth and climate parameters were statistically similar (p>0.05) for both species, except for tree height, which showed significant differences in Taurus cedar. The Spearman rank correlation analysis identified a strong and statistically significant relationship (p<0.05) between temperature variables (minimum, maximum, and average) and the growth traits of both tree species. On the other hand, relative humidity and annual precipitation showed no significant correlations (p>0.05). The findings underscore the critical role of temperature in influencing tree growth within plantation forestry, offering valuable insights for sustainable forest management practices.

Seralar, üretim sezonunda birden fazla ürün elde edilmesi ve üretim sürecinin kontrol altında gerçekleştirilerek verim kayıplarının azaltılması açısından gıda arzına önemli katkı sağlayan tarım sistemleridir. Seralarda birim alandan daha yüksek verim almak için özellikleri ve yapıları itibariyle amaca uygun planlanmalıdır. Tarım işletmelerinde seraların planlanmasında en önemli ölçüt yatırım maliyetidir. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamında tiplerine ve teknolojik özelliklerine göre seraların yatırım analizleri, üretilen ürünlerin verimlilikleri ve işletmelerin karlılıkları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, Mersin ilinde sebze üretimi yapan 99 adet plastik, 86 adet cam ve 5 adet topraksız sera işletmelerinde anket yapılmıştır. Anket yoluyla elde edilen verilerde; net kar domates üretilen plastik sera işletmelerinde 9.814,15 TL/da, topraksız sera işletmelerinde 109.532,91 TL/da, biber üretilen plastik sera işletmelerinde 5.522,14 TL/da, hıyar üretilen cam sera işletmelerinde 10.460,53 TL/ da belirlenmiştir. Sera tiplerine göre 3,93 yıl ile topraksız sera işletmelerinde yatırımın geri ödeme süresinin daha kısa olduğu ve 6,68 yıl ile plastik serada domates yetiştiriciliğinin takip ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla net bugünkü değer domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan plastik ve topraksız seralarda pozitif olup bu yatırımların kârlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde fayda masraf oranı topraksız domates seralarında 2,05 ve plastik domates seralarında 1,13 hesaplanmıştır. Bu nedenle söz konusu iki sera tipinde ve ürünlerinde projenin geliri yatırımından daha fazla olduğu için karlılık yüksektir.

In this research, the interpretations of dental disease in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) suffering from miscellaneous disorders with the use of radiographic anatomical reference lines; additionally, clinical examinations of these cases were presented. The measurements were made on the images of rabbit cranium skull radiographs (n=25). In the examination of incisors, malocclusion (n=19), abnormal prolongation (n=11), penetration of the palatal bone cortex (n=10), and fractures (n=6) were detected. Retrograde elongation in maxillar cheek teeth (n=20), alveolar penetration in mandibular cortex (n=20), root resorption (n=9), and cheek teeth malocclusions (n=20) were detected in the examination of cheek teeth. The most common complaints assigned to the presented patients were diarrhea, mandibular swelling, abnormal elongation of teeth, epiphora, tooth breakage, and loss of appetite. All rabbits suffering from dental disease were also assessed for eye disorders, and tooth-related eye problems were determined in 9 cases. In two cases was more than one problem. Distribution of disease was determined as follows; epiphora (n=6), dacryocystitis (n=2), conjunctivitis (n=2) and exophthalmos (n=1). In addition to a detailed physical examination, radiographic evaluation is important for diagnosis of dental diseases in rabbits. The long mouth cavity with limited opening and similar characteristics of rabbit mouth make it difficult to examine and intervene; in this case, radiographic reference lines offer an important advantage.

Proteinler, insan yaşamı için vazgeçilmez olan vücudun temel yapı taşı olan organik bileşiklerdir. Yüksek kaliteli proteinler genellikle hayvansal kaynaklardan elde edilmektedir. Ancak, kıtlık ve olası gıda krizleri nüfusun artması gibi küresel sorunlar, hayvansal gıdalara erişimi giderek zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu durum, alternatif protein kaynaklarına olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Bu bağlamda yenilebilir böcekler besin açısından zengin bileşimleriyle dünya çapında dikkat çekmektedir. Fonksiyonel beslenme ilkeleriyle uyumlu olan bu protein kaynakları, sürdürülebilir ve yenilikçi bir çözüm olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, un haline getirilmiş çekirgelerin yaygın olarak tüketilen kurabiyelere eklenmesinin, ürünün besin değerleri, duyusal özellikleri (tat, koku, görünüm, doku) ve tüketici kabulü üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Deney grubunda, standart tarif kullanılarak hazırlanan kurabiyelere %5’i oranında çekirge tozu eklenmiştir. Yapılan laboratuvar analizleri, çekirge unu ile zenginleştirilmiş kurabiyelerin kontrol grubuna kıyasla renk, kuru madde ve kül içeriğinde değişiklikler gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. İki grubu karşılaştırmak amacıyla, 20 panelistin katılımıyla bir duyusal analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Duyusal analiz sonuçları, çekirge unu ile zenginleştirilmiş kurabiyelerin tat, koku ve görünüm açısından olumlu karşılandığını göstermiştir. Tat ve koku gibi duyusal özelliklerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar belirlenirken, diğer özellikler açısından önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, çekirge tozunun işlevsel bir bileşen olarak potansiyelini vurgulamakta ve yenilikçi gıda ürünlerinin kabul edilebilirliğini değerlendirmede duyusal analizlerin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu araştırma, özellikle böcek bazlı diyetleri benimsemeye çekinen toplumlarda, beslenme eksikliklerini gidermeye ve sürdürülebilir protein kaynaklarını teşvik etmeye katkıda bulunmaktadır.