The aim of this study was to determine the relations of some affecting factors with milk production in Anatolian buffalo enterprises in Samsun province, Turkey. The questionnaires were applied by interviews to thirty nine buffalo farmers those selected by random sampling method. Effects of experience (EF) and education level (EL) of farmer, number of milking animal (NM), concentrate feeding application (CF), weaning period (WP), milking frequency per day (MP), udder disinfection premilking (UDP) on daily milk yield (DMY) were found to be insignificant. Further studies including more factors and data might be suggested to reveal detailed information between farm practices and milk production in water buffaloes.

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence between yield and its contributing traits were estimated using fifteen (15) different chilli genotypes in northern region of Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to screen out suitable parents for next hybridization program. The phenotypic coefficient of variations was found slightly higher than the genotypic coefficient of variations for all characters studied, indicating that the apparent variation is not only genetic but also influenced by the growing environment in the expression of the traits. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed in length of fruit (27.27% and 27.81%). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean in fruit yield per plant (71.23 and 39.38), number of fruits per plant (71.26 and 31.18), weight of individual fruit (88.52 and 43.80), length of fruit (96.13 and 70.59) and diameter of fruit (79.58 and 35.79) suggested that these characters would be considered for varietal selection. The correlation studies revealed that fruit yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with plant height (0.369), number of fruits per plant (0.587), weight of individual fruit (0.634) and length of fruit (0.450) which can be considered for selection of a good variety. Path analysis revealed weight of individual fruit (0.293), plant height (0.205), number of branches per plant (0.186), length of fruit (0.164), number of fruits per plant (0.132) and diameter of fruit (0.078) had direct positive effect on yield per plant, indicating these traits are the main contributors to fruit yield per plant. The divergence value for cluster analysis showed the highest inter-cluster distance between clusters II and IV which indicates that these genotypes may provide high heterosis in hybridization and expected to show wide variability in genetic architecture.

While the cities formed with their natural and cultural values were shaped to the extent allowed by the natural climate conditions in the historical process, the pressures on the traditional character of the cities and natural landscapes have increased as a result of the technological developments and changes that have arisen with the increasing human activities along with the population increase. Urban development areas have emerged around the traditional settlements, resulting in the destruction of natural water resources, pasture, agriculture and forest areas. As a result, this negative impact on the local economy, as well as the ecological balance in the natural landscape surrounding the cities, negatively affects the regional and national economy at the upper scale. Within the scope of the research, NDVI analysis was carried out to determine the effect of urban development areas in the Orhan Batı and Tevfik Çalın Streets connecting the Niğde Central and Bor districts to the green areas and the change in the land cover was created by spatial maps. In addition to NDVI analysis, water permeability of soil and rock structure was determined in order to determine the effect of urban development areas on Groundwater recharging and the effect of Groundwater recharging status and urban development areas on Groundwater recharging with the weighted method of registration were determined and suggestions have been developed in order not to adversely affect natural landscape areas.

Biocomfort conditions, which are related to climate parameters, are a factor that affect almost every aspect of people’s lives. Compatibility in terms of biocomfort also brings many advantages and disadvantages in areas where tourism activities are carried out. For this reason, it is of great importance to identify areas that are suitable and not suitable for biocomfort during the tourism season, especially in areas where tourism activities are carried out. In this study, with the help of GIS, it was aimed to determine the areas that are suitable and not suitable for biocomfort in the city of Samsun in June, July, August and September by using the summer temperature index (Summer Simmer Index = SSI). As a result of the study, it was determined that 1.41% of the province in June and 16.65% in September remained in the cold zone. Apart from this, it was determined that 11.58% of the province in June, 33.27% in July, 21.77% in August and 14.3% in September remained in the second generation, which is considered the most comfortable belt.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of “biofertilizers” (N 8%, P2O5 1%, 9% K2O, 3% Iron, 0.06% Zinc, Bacillus subtilis (GBO3), Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ve Bacillus pumilus) eaf applications on yield and quality parameters of bread wheat at different developmental stages. The experiment carried out for this purpose was conducted in the wheat sowing seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at Doğankent location of the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute. In this research, “biofertilizers” leaf applications were applied to the wheat in different stages of development. For this purpose, 4 themes were worked out as; control, tillering, tillering + stem elengation and stem elengation. Biofertilizers doses of 100 gr/da in the first year and 0.75 gr/da in the second year were investigated. As a basic fertilizer for all experiment subjects; 15 kg DAP per decar were given during sowing period and 29 kg Urea during the tillering period, as a result of the research carried out; using biofertilizers in wheat farming, both in tillering and stem elengation periods, increased the yield 12.67% more efficiency in the first year and 13.16% more in the second year than the control subject. There were no statistically significant effects on quality parameters of wheat by using “biofertilizers” in foliar applications.

The major antimicrobial proteins in donkey milk are lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and immunoglobulins. Lysozyme has an important role in the host defense by way it inhibits the pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study is to investigate the Lysozyme (LYZ) gene polymorphism in 82 donkeys reared in Thrace region of Turkey. 716 bp long partial 5’ UTR, exon 1, intron 1, exon 2 regions of LYZ gene were amplified and PCR products were analyzed via DNA sequencing. Three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as g.1782775A>G, g.1782924A>G and g.1782960T>C in the first intron of LYZ gene. The partial DNA sequence of LYZ gene in donkeys was reported in the present study and sequences of LYZ were entered to NCBI Genbank database with the accession number: MK984689-MK984692. This SNP may have an effect on immune system and milk traits in donkeys and additional studies are needed to confirm this assumption for donkey breeding.

Roughages, a group of animal feeds, are most important input for an ecomical animal production. Without a systematic plan of roughage assurance is not possible profitable animal production. Sources of the roughages are native meadows and pastures, forage plants grown in the crop production and harvest residues of the plant production. In this review, present status of roughage production and its development possibilities in Adana province were discussed.

In this study, equipment elements which have been used in Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University campus, were analysed considering various criteria in terms of landscape architecture. In this study, lighting and flooring elements, trash cans, sitting elements etc. were evaluated considering some criteria such as maintenance, design, ergonomics, etc. Within the scope of the study, it has been determined whether the equipment elements in the campus meet the people needs. There are insufficient number of seating elements in the campus, security problems occur due to the lack of lighting elements in certain places. The bus stops in the campus are sufficient numerically, and they are in suitable areas in terms of location. In addition, the number of telephone booths and the number of trash cans in the campus are insufficient. The designs of the equipment elements are similar, and equipment elements have traditional design. As paving elements, key paving stones are used on pedestrian roads, so that in some areas, collapses occur, so fall, snag, etc. on pedestrian roads. Finally, suggestions for using equipment elements in campus areas were developed.

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) (Rosaceae) is a spring fruits. It is not preferred to be consumed as fresh because it is sour, but it is extremely beneficial for human health. In addition to fresh consumption, it is used in the production of fruit juice, syrup, jam, marmalade, cake and ice cream in the food industry. Sour cherry is grown widely in Tokat and 80-85% of the grown cherries are sold to juice factories. Producers mostly adopt chemical control against pests. In this respect, monitoring pesticide residues on sour cherry is extremely important. This study was carried out to determine the pesticide residue levels in samples taken from sour cherry production areas in Tokat province in 2020. The residue analyses were performed by using QuEChERS method and LC-MS / MS (Liquid Chromatography / Tandem Mass Spectrometer). According to the results, the pesticide residue levels were found below the maximum residue limits (MRL) given in Turkish Food Codex (TFC).

Kefir; is a fermented milk product which is produced by granules containing a wide variety of microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. It is traditionally consumed in many countries. It has been shown in many studies that the polysaccharide structure surrounding the granules which is composed mainly of kefiran molecule has antimicrobial effect against various pathogens as well as many health promoting effects. In this study, 24 h fermented kefir was used with two types of kefir granules for production of kefiran extract. One of them is being sold commercially and the other was collected from private households in a different region of Turkey. Kefiran extraction was carried out from matured kefir granules using three different temperatures, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C. Also, the protein contents of the extracted solutions were determined by Bradford method. Protein content of the extract solutions obtained were measured as 0.001 g/ml. The antibacterial effect of 0.05, 0.1, 1 and 2 mg of this extract against several plant pathogenic bacterial strains belonging to genus Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Erwinia ve Clavibacter was investigated in vitro for the first time. For this purpose, two methods, disc diffusion method and spreading method were used. The AN and SD kefir supernatants used as the positive controls in the experiments showed an average of 13-17 mm and 10-14 mm inhibition zones on the isolates, respectively, but the antibacterial effect of kefiran extracts was not observed.