Sorghum is one of the major staple crops grown in the poorest and most food-insecure regions of Ethiopia. Sorghum production is predominantly based on local seeds with limited use of commercial fertilizer or other chemicals. This study is therefore aimed to demonstrate the improved sorghum variety with its improved management practices and to assess farmers’ and extension workers’ reactions. The newly released variety of Beletew was evaluated with the variety of Melkam. The experiments were implemented using a simple plot design with farmers’ fields as a replicate. The result revealed that in both locations, the studied varieties showed nonsignificant variation in grain yield. Besides, all the participant farmers were agreed that the variety Beletew had compacted panicle, a larger number of spikes per panicle, stayed green character and yellow seed color. Similarly, about 78.3% and 65.6% of the participant farmers from Efratana gidim and Ensaro Districts respectively agreed that the variety Beletew had a larger panicle size than the variety Melkam and expected higher grain yields from it. Therefore based on the grain yield performance of the result of farmers’ evaluation, the new variety of Beletew was recommended to be pre-scale on a wider scale to sorghum-growing lowland areas as an alternative shortmatured varieties.

This study was carried out to examine the prevalence of AFM1 contamination across different areas of Chattogram, Bangladesh, and to assess the level of AFM1 in raw milk samples from various dairy farms. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the farming standards of three different Chattogram neighborhoods—Bakalia, Khulshi, and Pahartali—and to ascertain the amount of AFM1 in milk. In the study location, 30 commercial dairy farms were randomly chosen, and data on farming methods, milk production techniques, and knowledge of aflatoxin contamination were gathered. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, collected milk samples (n = 90) were examined for the presence of AFM1. The farms produced 71.67±14.71 liters of milk on average every day, which was primarily supplied to dairy processing plants. For feeding the cows, all farms used concentrates and forage.  The mean concentration of AFM1 in milk samples collected from Bakalia was higher (190.00±120.87 ng/L) than that in milk samples collected from the Khulshi (108.44±66.19 ng/L) and Pahartali (189.25±160.78 ng/L). The overall prevalence of AFM1 was 43% (N=39) of the total examined samples. A total of 69% (N=27) and 5% (N=2) of AFM1 positive samples exceeded the European Union Regulation (50 ng/L) and BSTI/BFSA regulations (500 ng/L) respectively. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of AFM1 in Bakalia regarding Khulshi and Pahartali. This research will aid in measuring the AFM1 content in raw milk and helping to address public health issues.

Paucity of knowledge on resistant variety, high yield loss ranging from 32- 57% and dearth of knowledge on management of Alternaria leaf spot has been the major concerns in radish production in the world. Our study will aid in multiplication and standardization of the germane variety of radish resistant to Alternaria leaf spot disease so as to escalate the production, productivity, and the competitiveness in the domestic as well as in the international market. Hence, this experiment was rendered to screen the radish genotypes against Alternaria leaf spot disease in Western Nepal in 2021. Seven genotypes namely Sparkle white F1 hybrid, Korean cross, Palak-patta 35, Pyuthane red, 40 days, Geeta 33, and Mino early were used as the treatment and experiment was laid out in one factorial RCBD design. Each treatment was assigned with 8 plants for observation with 3 replications per treatment. Parameters like days to appearance of disease, incidence of disease on seedling, disease severity (3 scorings), mean score of disease, mean AUDPC and reaction of genotypes were measured during the experiment. Our study unveiled highly significant result for the days to appearance of disease, disease severity, mean score of disease and AUDPC among the genotypes of radish. Alternaria leaf spot first appeared in Pyuthane red (18.33 days) while appeared late in Mino early. Disease severity was found harsh in 40 days at each scoring (57.33, 64.67 and 70.33 respectively); on the contrary severity was minor in Sparkle white at each scoring (26.67, 35 and 44.17 respectively). Similarly, the highest MDS (3.4) and AUDPC (449.8) was found in 40 days, whereas the lowest MDS (1.7) and AUDPC (246.5) was observed in Sparkle white. Ultimately, it is contended that 40 days was found to be moderately susceptible variety while other varieties were found to be moderately resistant.

Environmental awareness is increasing around the world, however, the production of eco-friendly food products has started to gain importance in order to protect nature and reduce dependence on it. In addition, due to the awareness of people, it increases the demand for healthy foods. As a result, organic farming is developing and the number of organic product farms is increasing. Organic aquaculture products have also started to take their place in this big market. Although many of the rules and standards applied in organic agriculture are similar, the rules of organic aquaculture products contain differences on the basis of species. Significant progress has been made with the organic aquaculture production standards determined by international organizations and each country. Organic aquaculture defines organic aquatic organisms that are fed with organic feeds approved by authorized organizations and grown in accordance with all organic farming standards. The main principles of organic culture; health, ecology, fairness and care. Therefore, these basic principles are adhered to when determining organic aquaculture standards. In this review, general and current information were given about the organic aquaculture and organic feeds.

The study analyzed the effect multidimensional poverty of farm families in Madagali and Michika local government areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria after the Boko Haram Insurgncy of 2014. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the farm families and examined the multidimensional poverty status of the farm families in the study area. Multistage and simple random sampling techniques were employed in drawing 100 respondents from various communities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices. Results showed that majority (57.58%) of the farm families were females, 47.89% were aged between 20 to 29 years, 79.8% were married, 55.56% had SSCE/GCE/Teachers Grade ii, 69.47% had farming as primary occupation, 33.33% had trading as secondary occupation, 61.46% had between N1100 – 10000 as income from primary source, 56.47% had between N1100 – N10000 as income from secondary source, 95% of the respondents owned land, 91.92% owned house. Majority (48.96%) of the respondents roofed their houses with thatch while 61.22% had mud as the wall material of their house. Majority (89.55%) of the respondents used firewood as cooking fuel, 49.47% leaved in a single room apartment, 63.53% had borehole as main source of drinking water, 46.24% used uncovered pit latrine and 71% of the household leaved without electricity. Monthly income of respondents, farm size and age of household head were the determinants of food security in the study area. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) headcount ratio/poverty incidence (α = 0) was 0.78. The study analyzed that there were cases striking multidimensional poverty issues in the study area which call for immediate government intervention in the study area.

Bu çalışma Tokat-Zile kuru ve sulu koşullarında 25 adet makarnalık buğday çeşidinin verim ve verim özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2019-2020 ve 2020-2021 buğday yetiştirme döneminde yürütülmüştür. Denemeler, kuru ve sulu koşullarda Tesadüf Blokları Bölünmüş Parsel Deneme Desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada, birleştirilmiş çevreler (yıl, kuru-sulu) ortalamaları doğrultusunda incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından çeşitler arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Çeşitlerin kuru ve sulu koşullarda ortalama başaklanma süresi 153,8 ve 155,1 gün, olgunlaşma süresi 186,0 ve 188,7 gün, bitki boyu 66,2 ve 70,7 cm, metrekarede başak sayısı 245,4 ve 300,6 adet, başak uzunluğu 5,9 ve 6,4 cm, başakta tane sayısı 26,6 ve 29,7 adet, tek başak verimi 1,26 ve 1,48 g, bin tane ağırlığı 41,5 ve 43,4 g, hektolitre ağırlığı 80,4 ve 810 kg, tane verimi 252,8 ile 315,9 kg/da olarak belirlenmiştir. Sulu koşullarda elde edilen ortalama değerler kuru koşullardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Birleştirilmiş çevrelerin sonuçlarına göre çeşitlerin tane verimleri 220,2-351,3 kg/da arasında değişim göstermiştir. Araştırmada, başak uzunluğu ve bitki boyu bakımından Soylu, bin tane ağırlığı bakımından Şahinbey ve Ankara 98, hektolitre ağırlığı bakımından Sarıçanak 98, tane verimi bakımından Eminbey, Altın 40/98, Mirzabey ve Ankara 98 çeşitleri ön plana çıkmıştır. Tokat Zile yöresinde yüksek tane verimi ve istenen diğer özelliklere sahip Eminbey, Altın 40/98 ve Ankara 98 çeşitlerinin başarıyla yetiştirilebileceği belirlenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada besinsel lif ve β-glukan yönünden zengin fonksiyonel bir gıda olan yulaf ezmesi ile fenolik maddelerce zengin, yüksek antioksidan içeren yaban mersini kurusu çikolatada katkı olarak kullanılmıştır. Yaban mersini kurusu ve yulaf ezmesi 1:1 oranında karıştırılarak elde edilen karışım sütlü kuvertür çikolataya %10, 20, 30, 40, 50 oranlarında ilave edilmiş ve kalorisi düşük ve sağlıklı bir ürün elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hazırlanan katkılı çikolata örneklerinin nem, kül, karbonhidrat, yağ, protein, selüloz, şeker ve enerji değerleri saptanmış ve örneklerin genel görünüş ve genel kabul edilebilirlik özellikleri duyusal olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kuvertür çikolataya eklenen yulaf ezmesi ve yaban mersini kurusu karışımı örneklerinin nem değeri (%0,35-4,90), kül içeriği (%2,24-1,43), karbonhidrat değeri (%55,82-66,57), yağ miktarı (%33,20-20,05), protein miktarı (%8,49-7,09), selüloz miktarı (1,03-1,90), şeker miktarı (%39,30-46,87) ve enerji değerleri (%467,57-550,86) olarak belirlenmiştir. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre ise yulaf ezmesi ve yaban mersini kurusu karışımının çikolatadaki miktarı arttıkça tercih edilme oranının azaldığı görülmüştür.

Kayısı çekirdeği ağrı kesici, antimutajenik, iltihap önleyici ve antimikrobiyal olarak tıp alanında kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca kayısı çekirdeklerinin tatlı olanları çerez olarak tüketilmekte, acı olanları ise kozmetik sanayisinde hammadde olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Kullanım alanlarını dolaylı veya doğrudan etkileyeceği düşünülen kayısı çekirdeği kurutma işleminde yöntemlerin etkisinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada, kayısı çekirdekleri etüvde (50°C, 60°C ve 70°C), iklimlendirme kabininde (%30 RH+50°C, %30 RH+60, ve %30 RH+70°C) ve gölgede olmak üzere 3 farklı yöntemde kurutulmuştur. Kurutma işlemlerinin kuruma süreleri incelendiğinde en uzun kuruma 22 saat ile gölgede kurutma yönteminde, en kısa kuruma ise 4 saat ile 70°C kurutma sıcaklığında etüvde tespit edilmiştir. Tüm yöntemler için matematiksel model verileri incelendiğinde; Midilli-Küçük model eşitliği Page, Yağcıoğlu ve Midilli-Küçük kurutma modelleri arasında en iyi model (R2=0.9999) olarak tahmin etmiştir. Renk değerleri incelendiğinde taze kayısı çekirdeğinin renk değerlerine istatistiksel açıdan en yakın yöntemler iklimlendirme kabininde 70°C ve %30 bağıl nem koşulunda, etüvde ise 70°C sıcaklıkta bulunmuştur. Termo-fiziksel özellikler de ise en büyük özgül ısı, termal iletkenlik, termal difüzivite değerleri gölgede kurutma yönteminde belirlenirken, en büyük özgül kütle değerleri ise 60°C de etüvde kurutulan örneklerde belirlenmiştir.

Bu çalışma, silolama öncesi aktifleştirilen Lactobacillus buchneri (NCIMB 40788 ˗ CNCM I-4323; Lalsil AS, Lallemand Inc., Canada) inokulantının mısır silajına üre ile ilavesinin fermantasyon ve aerobik stabilite üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Mısır süt olum döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Hasat sonrası materyaller, 6 muamele grubuna bölünmüştür. Muamele grupları 1- Kontrol; 2- Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), 3×108 kob/g taze materyal; 3- Üre (Üre), %1 kuru madde; 4- Lactobacillus buchneri + Üre (LB+Üre); 5-Aktive edilen Lactobacillus buchneri (aLB), 3×108 kob/g taze materyal; 6- Aktive edilen Lactobacillus buchneri + Üre (aLB+Üre)’den oluşmaktadır. Katkı maddesi ilavesinden sonra silaj örnekleri her muamele grubunda 3’er tekerrür olmak üzere plastik torbalara vakumlanarak doldurulmuştur. Fermantasyonun 1., 3., 7., 14. ve 75. günü açılan silaj örneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Yetmiş beşinci gün açılan silajlara 7 gün süre ile aerobik stabilite testi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada silolama öncesi aktifleştirilen Lactobacillus buchneri inokulantı ve üre ilavesi mısır silajlarının fermantasyonun ve aerobik stabilitesini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. aLB grubundaki silajların ham protein (HP), laktik asit (LA) değerleri artarken, asetik asit (AA), propiyonik asit (PA), pH, nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (NDF), asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (ADF), hemiselüloz (HSEL) ve maya içerikleri ise düşmüştür. Silajlara aLB+ Üre ilave edilmesi silajların aerobik stabilitelerinin gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Sonuç olarak aktifleştirilen Lactobacillus buchneri ve ürenin birlikte kullanılması mısırın fermantasyon profili, kimyasal bileşimini ve aerobik stabilitesini iyileştirebilir.

Growth regulators such as Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) are generally used to promote root formation of rose cuttings. However, today, within the scope of sustainable agricultural practices, research studies of new materials and methods alternative to synthetic chemicals in the plant production process are gaining momentum. At the beginning of such alternative applications are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizal fungi, which are increasingly used today, promoting plant growth. In this study, Bacillus cereus (ZE-7), Pseudomonas putida (ZE-12) rhizobacteria and mycorrhiza (6000 ppm) were applied to 12-15 cm long softwood rose cuttings. The softwood cuttings were kept in the mycorrhiza suspension for 10 seconds and in the rhizobacteria suspension for 30 minutes and then planted in the rooting medium. In the study, in order to determine the effects of applications on steel root development; rooting rate (%), callus rate (%), decay rate (%), root number (number) and root length (cm) parameters were examined. In the results of working; the highest rooting rate (19.44%), the highest callus rate (38.89%) and the highest number of roots (8.64 units) were obtained in ZE-12 treated cuttings. In particular, rhizobacteria application showed a high effect on reducing the rate of decay in steels. The lowest decay rate in the steels was obtained from the ZE-7 bacterial strain application (8.33%) compared to the control (38.89%). As a result, it was concluded that mycorrhiza and rhizobacteria applications can be applied to rose cuttings and these applications as an alternative to IBA in rooting.