RESUMO Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson (Fabaceae) é uma espécie nativa do Brasil com alto potencial em programas de desenvolvimento econômico em regiões semiáridas, principalmente relacionado à produção de mel, alimentação animal e madeira para lenha. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar marcadores moleculares Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) para estudos de diversidade genética, bem como testar a eficiência desta abordagem na quantificação da diversidade genética de uma população natural de P. moniliformis. Para isso, testaram-se 28 marcadores moleculares ISSR, avaliando-se o número total de locos, taxa de polimorfismo e o valor de conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC) para os iniciadores selecionados, bem como o índice de marcador e o poder de resolução. Os parâmetros de diversidade genética (distância genética de Nei e índice de Shannon) foram avaliados em 30 indivíduos localizados em Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram selecionados sete iniciadores que forneceram 74 locos, sendo 82% polimórficos, enquanto o valor de PIC foi de 0,344. A distância genética de Nei foi de 0,244 e o índice de Shannon, de 0,374. Portanto, marcadores moleculares ISSR (UBC 827, 840, 844, 857, 859, 860 e 873) são considerados eficientes nos estudos de diversidade genética de populações, seleção de matrizes e bancos de germoplasma, e podem contribuir para a conservação e o melhoramento genético em populações de P. moniliformis. | ABSTRACT Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson (Fabaceae) is a native brazilian species with high potential for economic development programs in semiarid regions, mainly related to the production of honey, animal food and firewood. Thus, the objective of this work was to select Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers for genetic diversity studies, as well as to test the efficiency of this approach in quantifying the genetic diversity of a natural P. moniliformis population. For this, 28 ISSR molecular markers were tested, evaluating the total number of loci, polymorphism rate and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) for the selected primers, the “Marker Index”, and the “Resolving Power”. Genetic diversity parameters (Nei genetic distance and Shannon index) were evaluated for 30 individuals located in Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Seven primers were selected, which provided 74 loci, with 82% being polymorphic, while the PIC value was 0.344. The Nei genetic distance was 0.244, and the Shannon index was 0.374. Therefore, ISSR molecular markers (UBC 827, 840, 844, 857, 859, 860 and 873) are considered efficient in studying the genetic diversity of populations for the selection of matrices and germplasm banks, and may contribute to the conservation and genetic improvement of P. moniliformis populations.

ABSTRACT Information of the variation for important morphological and physiological traits of okra is still limited. Molecular analysis is an important additional tool in germplasm characterization studies. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of the growth and yield of 20 pre-commercial okra accessions to identify molecular markers’ association with morphological traits. Nineteen morphological traits were measured with five qualitative and 14 quantitative descriptors. For analysis of genetic patterns Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used with nine primers and 24 usable bands. The genetic dissimilarity was evaluated based in morphological and genetic matrices. Also, graphical representation of genetic distances was obtained by UPGMA and Tocher’s optimization method. The morphological characterization of the accessions detected polymorphism for all evaluated traits. RAPD markers were efficient in detecting genetic variability among okra accessions. For the primers used in the experiment, only OPE10 did not amplify the DNA strand. The other eight primers produced a total of 35 bands, in which 25 were polymorphic and ten were monomorphic. The morphological traits and molecular markers identified wide genetic variability among the 20 okra accessions, indicating successful crosses in breeding programs and isolating some interesting materials. Morphological and molecular cluster analyses were complementary and helped in the genotype selection. Molecular analysis indicated some divergent accessions that were not found in morphological analysis, which could highlight some materials that have a desirable trait, that is difficult and highly costly to access in field experiments.

ABSTRACT Sodom apple is a plant species adapted to various ecosystems and has stood out for its economic and ecological importance. We evaluated the amplification profile of 23 ISSR primers and selected polymorphic loci for genetic studies of a natural population of Calotropis procera by collecting and extracting genomic DNA from 33 individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted using the sorbitol protocol and 2% CTAB and the ISSR amplification products were resolved by electrophoresis. Based on the amplification profile, the 23 primers were classified as suitable, moderate, and unsuitable. We described the quality of primers considering the total number of bands, mean bands per primer, percentage of polymorphism, Nei’s genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity – He), assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the polymorphic information content (PIC). All ISSR primers showed an amplification profile, which generated 173 bands with an average of 7.5 loci per primer. However, only 18 out of the 23 tested primers allowed visible and high-quality amplification, which were classified as suitable and polymorphic. We also observed a mean of 0.30 and 0.24 for PIC and He estimates, respectively. The DiCA3`RG, TriAGA3`RC, and TriCGC3`RC primers were highly transferable to C. procera (they presented quality for amplification with good reproducibility), with PIC values higher than 0.40, He higher than 0.30, and polymorphism higher than 86%.