The cultivation of the strawberry is concentrated in the states of the Southeast and South of the country contributing to generating direct and indirect jobs. The opening of new frontiers in atypical climate conditions for the cultivation, such as regions having higher temperatures, has been investigated. The leaf to-pography interferes with pathogenicity and deposition of pesticides. This study aimed to analyze the perform-ance of 11 cultivars of strawberry in the tropical conditions of the Mesorregião Mata of the Pernambuco state. The cultivation was done in screenhouse where topographical characters of the median leaves of cultivars were evaluated. The experimental design was Completely randomized, with five replications, being each pot a plot. Dover, Oso Grande and Tudla cultivars showed leaves with a flatter relief. The cultivar Sweet Charlie pre-sented a more rugged topography. Considering the conditions of this experiment, the cultivars Dover, Oso Grande and Tudla were those that presented the most potential to pesticide absorptions. | O cultivo do morangueiro concentra-se nos estados da região Sudeste e Sul do país, contribuindo na geração de empregos diretos e indiretos. A abertura de novas fronteiras em condições de climas atípicos para o cultivo, como em regiões de temperaturas mais elevadas, tem sido pesquisadas mais efetivamente. Tem sido observado que a topografia foliar, ou seja, a disposição das nervuras na superfície foliar interfere na patogenicidade e na eficiência de deposição de agrotóxicos sobre as folhas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a topografia foliar de 11 cultivares de morangueiro nas condições tropicais da Mesorregião Mata do estado de Pernambuco. O cultivo foi realizado em telado onde se avaliou caracteres topográficos dos folíolos medianos das cultivares. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o Inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, sendo cada vaso uma parcela. As cultivares Dover, Oso Grande e Tudla apresentaram o relevo foliar mais plano, enquanto a cultivar Sweet Charlie o mais irregular. As cultivares Dover, Oso Grande e Tudla foram as que apresentaram maior potencial para absorção de agrotóxicos.

Phylogeography has become a powerful approach for elucidating contemporary geographical patterns of evolutionary subdivision within species and species complexes. The aim of this paper was to evalu-ate the extracted quality of DNA and amplification of noncoding chloroplast DNA for phylogeography studies in Ficus bonijesulapens. The comparative analysis of protocol DNA extraction was based in the CTAB method and protocol from Mogg and Bond. DNA samples were assessed for successful PCR amplification of universal primers for the amplification of noncoding regions of cpDNA. Amplified DNA was separated by electrophore-sis, stained with ethidium bromide and photographed under UV light. The protocol Moog e Bond produced the best DNA quality. This method will be used because it produces a high quality DNA in a short time and is less expensive. The primers HA, SG, BF, Q16, F32, FV, DT, CS and JA provided the strongest support for the in-ferred phylogeography, genetic diversity centers and for successful management in tree-conservation pro-grammes. | As relações filogenéticas, quando associadas às distribuições geográficas (filogeografia), contribuem para o entendimento dos processos de diversificação e permitem testar as hipóteses da história biogeográfica das espécies. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo selecionar métodos de extração de DNA para a sua amplificação e testar primers de DNA cloroplastidial (cpDNA), visando a inferência filogeográfica de Ficus bonijesulapensis. A análise comparativa dos métodos de extração baseou-se no protocolo de CTAB e no protocolo de Moog e Bond. Após a extração, o DNA foi amplificado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), utilizando pares de primers universais para amplificação das sequências específicas do cpDNA. Os produtos da PCR foram separados por eletroforese em géis de agarose, corados com brometo de etídio, visualizados em luz ultravioleta e fotografados. O método de extração de Moog e Bond mostrou-se mais eficiente na amplificação do DNA. Este método será utilizado no estudo filogeográfico por ser um método de extração de DNA de alta qualidade, além de econômico, prático e rápido, comparado ao método CTAB. Os primers de cpDNA testados que apresentaram melhor desempenho na amplificação foram HA, SG, BF, Q16, F32, FV, DT, CS e JA. O método de extração e os primers selecionados irão subsidiar o estudo filogeográfico, importante para identificar os centros de diversidade genética e indicar áreas prioritárias para a conservação da espécie.

This work aimed to study the weed population dynamics of weeds and their influence to analyze in the corn production with the reduction of the space between lines in no-tillage system. The study was conducted in 2003/04 agricultural years, at the Experimental Station of Coimbra ¿ UFV. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were arranged in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme with four replicates (three cultivars - UFVM 100, AG 9010 and AG 1051) three nitrogen application ways (0, 120 kg ha-1 of N in planting and 30 kg ha-1 at sowing + 90 kg ha-1 at four fully expanded leaves) and two plant spacing (1.0 and 0.5 m). For the phytosociological study, a square of 0.30 m of side was used, thrown at random once in each treatment before the application of the herbicides and 30 and 60 days after the application. The species with the highest density was Artemisia verlotorium, whatever the time of assessment and management used throughout the sampling dates. The population dynamics and the mass accumulation dries of the plants were not influenced by the spacing of the corn, for the nitrogen fertilization and for the studied cultivars. The spacing reduction, from 1.0 m to 0.50 m, provided an increase of 8% in grains productivity.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of mound-building termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) by entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana). We developed two experiments, with two copies of application in three sizes of nests. The first was installed in the Salto Macaúba farm and second in the Laboratory of Plant Protection at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The first experiment consisted of five repetitions, each nest an experimental unit, with treatments in a factorial 2 (fungi) x 2 (tests) x 2 (type of spraying) + 1 control, distributed completely at random in the area. The treatments were: 1) control - no implementation, 2) Metarril M103 (M. anisopliae) - 10g/mound - dusting, 3) Metarril M103 - 10 g/ mound - via net, 4) Metarril M103 - 15 g/ mound - dusting , 5) Metarril M103 - 15 g/mound - via net, 6) Boveril B102 (B. bassiana) - 10 g/mound - dusting, 7) Boveril B102 - 10 g/mound - via net, 8) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - dusting and 9) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - via net. The testing of mortality were made spraying of the laboratory with the field measurements performed in compliance with the same separation of the nests. The results suggested that the road dust (dosage of 10 g) of the fungi studied showed higher mortality of nests of small size (53%). B. bassiana (Boveril) (10 g) gave 80% mortality of C. cumulans when applied to nests of small size.

Excessive salt can to promote water soil retention, reducing your availability to plants. Besides, they can interfere in protoplasm metabolism. The plants ability to survive in salinity conditions is an important factor to geographic distribution and agriculture in salinized regions. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of the NaCl in the growth, dry matter distribution and N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl content in young plants. The experiment was conducted in 'Leonard' pots, with nutrient solutions, with NaCl (0, 25, 50 and 100 mmol L-1). Increasing of NaCl concentration reduces growth and total dry matter. There was an increase of N and K content, in shoots, and N and Mg content in roots. There was an reduction in Mg content in shoots, and reduction of Ca content in roots with increasing of NaCl. Leucaena plants were inefficient to exclude Na and Cl, in shoots principally.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of Jatropha curcas L. when submitted to crescent levels of salinity of irrigation water on the initial growth stage. For this, was collected, from native plants, seeds of two cities, Nova Porteirinha, MG and Tianguá, CE. The experiment was developed in the Campus of Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, in the period of March to May of 2010. The treatments were installed in completely randomized design, in factorial 2 x 6 (seeds from two cities) and six levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; 4.5 e 5.5 dS m-1), with four repetitions, being each plot composed by one plant cultivated in a plastic vase, with capacity for eight pounds. Thirty days after sowing, was evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, foliar area and weight of dry matter of aerial part of plant. The analysis of results allowed to conclude that there are differences between seeds of Jatropha curcas L. in relation to the tolerance to the salinity; and that proceeding from Tianguá, CE, showed more tolerant to salinity, in reason of larger values of foliar area and plant height.

The aim of this work was to evaluate methods for overcoming Jitirana's (Merremia cissoides) seeds dormancy. The treatments were: immersion of Jitirana's seeds in sulfuric acid during 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 minutes and control (no treatment). The experiment was carried out in the completely randomized design, with ten treatments and four replications, with 20 seeds each. The variables evaluated were: germination percentage, germination speed index, medium time for germination, dry weight and height of seedling obtained 16 days after sowing. The immersion of seeds in sulfuric acid during 50 minutes is an efficient method to overcome dormancy and promotes germination, enabling quickly and greater Jitirana's seedling emergence.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of lettuce Lactuca sativa cv. Verônica to water levels. The experiment was conducted at Centro de Ciências Agrárias at Universidade Federal de Roraima (State of Roraima, Brazil). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse following the completely randomized blocks design with four replications. The treatments consisted of six water levels based on fractions of the class A pan daily evapotranspiration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% e 120%). The results of yield and fresh matter showed a linear response of the applied irrigation levels. The water use efficiency showed a decreasing linear response with respect to the irrigation levels. The maximum of yield showed 17.35 t ha-1 with 120% Class A Pan evaporation level.