Food composition of Abramis brama was studied in the shallow, meso-eutrophic Hamry reservoir (Czech Republic). Fish were sampled during the daytime in the pre-spawning period (April), the post-spawning (June), summer (July) and autumn (October) in 2011. The bream sampled comprised two main size groups: small (124-186 mm) and large (210-315 mm) standard length. Twenty specimens of each size group (except April - 40 large fish) were taken for analysis on each sampling occasion. Food composition was evaluated using gravimetric methods. Over the whole season, detritus and aquatic vegetation were the dominant dietary items taken. During summer, the diet of large bream comprised mainly aquatic vegetation. Benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton formed a minor part of bream diet over the whole season. Specific food habits of bream could be explained by specific conditions within the reservoir and available food resources.

PR | IFPRI3 | EPTD

Food composition of common bream (Abramis brama, L.) was studied in the shallow, meso–eutrophic, Hamry reservoir (Czech Republic). Fish were sampled during the daytime in the pre-spawning period (April), the post-spawning (June), summer (July) and autumn (October) in 2011. The bream sampled comprised two main size groups: small, 124–186 mm; and large, 210–315 mm standard length. Twenty specimens of each size group (except April – 40 large fish) were taken for analysis on each sampling occasion. Food composition was evaluated using gravimetric methods. Over the whole season, detritus and aquatic vegetation were the dominant dietary items taken. During summer, the diet of large bream comprised mainly aquatic vegetation. Benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton formed a minor part of bream diet over the whole season. Specific food habits of bream could be explained by specific conditions within the reservoir and available food resources.

N P Saxena, . et al, 'Characterization of drought and adaptation of cool season food legumes to water-limiting environments', pp.661-677, 2012 | Non-irrigated (rainfed) agriculture is the major crop production system worldwide. It occupieslarge proportion of total land areas in Asia (88 %) and Africa (99 %). In some importantfood legume growing countries in South Asia, r

IFPRI-3; | PR | EPTD; | Journal article

The objective of this research was to study the effect of water activity and glass transition temperature on the fat hydrolysis in a food model system. The model system was prepared with tapioca starch, casein, palm oil and sugar as 58, 14, 16 and 12 g/100 g model matrix, respectively. Hydrolysis reaction was accelerated bycommercial lipase at six levels of water content and water activity. Moisture sorption isotherm was obtained using isopiestic method while monolayer value was determined by BET equations. Glass transition temperature was determined from amorphous ingredients of starch and casein. Hydrolysis reaction showed a significantincrease above the monolayer value at 3.55 g water/100 g solid and aw 0.19. Hydrolysis occurred even at the glassy state of the model system. The role of water in the hydrolysis reaction is more related to the water activity concept rather than glass transition concept.

The link between metal exposure and toxicity is complicated by numerous factors such as exposure route. Here, we exposed a marine fish (juvenile blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegelii) to copper either in a commercial fish diet or in seawater. Copper concentrations in intestine/liver were correlated linearly with influx rate, but appeared to be less influenced by uptake pathway (waterborne or dietary exposure). Influx rate best predicted Cu accumulation in the intestine and liver. However, despite being a good predictor of mortality within each pathway, influx rate was not a good predictor of mortality across both exposure pathways, as waterborne Cu caused considerably higher mortality than dietary Cu at a given influx rate. We show that the use of gill Cu accumulation irrespective of the exposure route as a model for observed fish mortality provided a clear relationship between accumulation and toxicity. Investigation of gill Cu accumulation may shed light on the different accumulation strategies from the two exposure pathways. This correlation offers potential for the use of branchial Cu concentration as an indicator of long-term Cu toxicity, allowing for differences in the relative importance of the uptake pathways in different field situations.

Tesis (Ingeniero de Alimentos).--Universidad de Cartagena. Facultad de Ciencias E Ingenierías. Programa de Ingeniería de Alimentos, 2012 | En el diseño, formulación y desarrollo de nuevos productos alimenticios o el mejoramiento de los productos tradicionales, están condicionados al conocimiento de las características fisicoquímicas, bromatológicas y reológicas de sus componentes. Un eje de valiosa importancia en el área de los alimentos son las dispersiones complejas tales como las emulsiones. Ahora bien, en la formulación y elaboración de las emulsiones se utilizan agentes surfactantes como las proteínas, que se constituyen en barreras moleculares que estabilizan las dispersiones y favorecen su formación. De acuerdo a lo anterior se estandarizara una emulsión alimentaria tipo aceite en agua (O/W) con proteína de Arenca (Triportheus magdalenae), para esto se ha realizado la caracterización fisicoquímica y bromatológica del musculo del pescado, obteniendo un porcentaje de proteína, de 17,85±0,12 permitiendo la recuperación de 72 a 90% en el aislado proteico, para su aplicación en productos alimenticios como pueden ser salsa para ensaladas, mayonesas, pastas para untar, aderezos entre otros productos. Por lo anterior se ha obtenido una emulsión alimentaria tipo aceite en agua (O/W) estabilizada con proteínas aisladas de la Arenca (Triportheus magdalenae), con un comportamiento de fluido No Newtoniano tipo pseudoplástico, el cual presenta una distribución de pequeñas gotas de forma homogénea. Los análisis para evaluar la estabilización se realizaron después de 24 horas de elaborada la emulsión mostrando estabilidad en el producto.

Copper pollutions are typical heavy metal contaminations, and their ability to move up food chains urges comprehensive studies on their effects through various pathways. Currently, four exposure pathways were prescribed as food-borne (FB), water-borne plus clean food (WCB), water–food-borne (WFB) and water-borne (WB). Caenorhabditiselegans was chosen as the model organism, and growth statuses, feeding abilities, the amounts of four antioxidant enzymes, and corresponding recovery effects under non-toxic conditions with food and without food were investigated. Based on analysis results, copper concentrations in exposure were significantly influenced by the presence of food and its uptake by C.elegans. Both exposure and recovery effects depended on exposure concentrations and food conditions. For exposure pathways with food, feeding abilities and growth statuses were generally WFB<WCB⩽FB (p<0.05). The antioxidant activities were up-regulated in the same order. Meanwhile, the exposure pathway without food (WB) caused non-up-regulated antioxidant activities, and had the best growth statuses. For recoveries with food, growth statuses, feeding abilities and the inductions of the antioxidant enzymes were all WB≈WFB<WCB<FB (p<0.05). For recoveries without food, the order of growth statuses remained WB>FB>WCB>WFB (p<0.05), while the antioxidant activities were all inhibited in a concentration–dependent fashion. In conclusion, contaminated food was the primary exposure pathway, and various pathways caused different responses of C.elegans.