Utilization of water from dry coconuts to produce long-life coconut water, using a 20% mixture of green coconut water in order to reach the quality standard demanded by Brazilian customers, has been done since 2000. That is one more alternative for the by products from Cocos nucifera L. processing industries, introducing marketing advantages like: better storage, longer shelf life, transportation, and visual quality to the customer. Packed with ultrasonic Swedish technology, coconut water has been already commercialized in establishments in Southeastern Brazil. In this work, carbohydrate contents of four coconut water brands and the natural coconut water were comparatively analyzed, and the contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, total sugars, and reducing sugars were determined. The coconut water used in this research was bought in Lavras, Minas Gerais St., as well as the green coconut water, which was used as a control. The statistical design was completely randomized, and the treatments were five brands with five replicates. The analyses were performed in the Biochemistry laboratory, of UFLA's Chemistry Department. Two out of four commercial brands, brands B and D, did not achieve the quality standards cited in the literature.<br>O aproveitamento da água de coco seco, para a produção de água de coco longa-vida com uma mistura de 20% de água de coco verde, para atingir o padrão de qualidade exigido pelo consumidor brasileiro, vem sendo utilizado desde 2000. Trata-se de mais uma alternativa para as indústrias de processamento dos produtos derivados dos frutos de Cocos nucifera L., apresentando vantagens mercadológicas como: facilidade de estocagem, maior vida de prateleira, transporte e exposição ao consumidor. Embalada com tecnologia sueca ultra-sônica, já está sendo comercializada em estabelecimentos de gêneros alimentícios também na região sudeste do Brasil. Com este trabalho, analisou-se comparativamente o teor de glicídios de quatro marcas de água de coco, comparadas com o coco natural, determinando frutose, glicose, sacarose, açúcares totais e açúcares redutores. As águas de coco são comercializadas na região de Lavras - Minas Gerais, bem como o coco verde utilizado como controle. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o DIC, com os tratamentos dispostos num esquema cinco marcas e cinco repetições. As análises dos glicídios foram realizadas no laboratório de Bioquímica do Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Das quatro marcas estudadas, a marca B e D não se encontra dentro dos padrões citados na literatura.

Neste trabalho, estudaram-se os efeitos de cinco níveis (N) de salinidade da água de irrigação (1,51; 2,79; 3,93; 5,15 e 7,22 dS m-1), no desenvolvimento inicial de duas cultivares de melão amarelo (Gold mine e AF646). O cultivo foi realizado na horta do Departamento de Fitotecnia da ESAM, localizada no município de Mossoró, RN, no período de 4 de novembro a 12 de dezembro de 1998, em recipientes plásticos com capacidade para 9 L, conduzidos ao ar livre, tendo como substrato Argissolo vermelho-amarelo eutrófico abrupto do horizonte Ap1, utilizando-se o delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados arranjados no esquema fatorial 2x5, com três repetições. As características: peso seco da parte aérea, área foliar e salinidade média e final do solo, foram avaliadas mediante análise de variância (teste F) e estudo de regressão. As cultivares Gold mine e AF646 apresentaram comportamento semelhante quanto a tolerância à salinidade da água de irrigação, com perda de fitomassa seca da parte aérea (FSPA) de 6,8% por aumento unitário da condutividade elétrica na água de irrigação. O comportamento da área foliar foi similar ao da FSPA. Observou-se efeito linear e quadrático da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre a salinidade média e final do solo, respectivamente.<br>The effect of five irrigation water salinity levels (N: 1.51, 2.79, 3.93, 5.15 and 7,22 dS m-1), on initial development of two yellow melon cultivars (Gold mine and AF646) was studied. The trial was conducted under field conditions in an orchard belonging to Department of Phytotechnic - ESAM, at Mossoró in the State of RIo Grande do Norte, Brazil, during the period of November 4 to December 12, 1998. Plastic pots with 9 L capacity filled with Alfisol soil (horizon Ap1) were used. Experimental design was a completely randomized block in a factorial scheme, with three replications. Shoot dry matter, leaf area, mean soil salinity and final soil salinity were evaluated through variance and regression analysis. Salinity tolerance was similar for Gold mine and AF646, with a loss of 6.8% of shoot dry matter for unit increase of electrical conductivity of irrigation water. A similar behavior was observed for leaf area. Irrigation water salinity induced linear effect on mean soil salinity and quadratic effect on final soil salinity.

Neste trabalho, estudaram-se os efeitos de cinco níveis (N) de salinidade da água de irrigação (1,51; 2,79; 3,93; 5,15 e 7,22 dS m-1), no desenvolvimento inicial de duas cultivares de melão amarelo (Gold mine e AF646). O cultivo foi realizado na horta do Departamento de Fitotecnia da ESAM, localizada no município de Mossoró, RN, no período de 4 de novembro a 12 de dezembro de 1998, em recipientes plásticos com capacidade para 9 L, conduzidos ao ar livre, tendo como substrato Argissolo vermelho-amarelo eutrófico abrupto do horizonte Ap1, utilizando-se o delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados arranjados no esquema fatorial 2x5, com três repetições. As características: peso seco da parte aérea, área foliar e salinidade média e final do solo, foram avaliadas mediante análise de variância (teste F) e estudo de regressão. As cultivares Gold mine e AF646 apresentaram comportamento semelhante quanto a tolerância à salinidade da água de irrigação, com perda de fitomassa seca da parte aérea (FSPA) de 6,8% por aumento unitário da condutividade elétrica na água de irrigação. O comportamento da área foliar foi similar ao da FSPA. Observou-se efeito linear e quadrático da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre a salinidade média e final do solo, respectivamente. | The effect of five irrigation water salinity levels (N: 1.51, 2.79, 3.93, 5.15 and 7,22 dS m-1), on initial development of two yellow melon cultivars (Gold mine and AF646) was studied. The trial was conducted under field conditions in an orchard belonging to Department of Phytotechnic - ESAM, at Mossoró in the State of RIo Grande do Norte, Brazil, during the period of November 4 to December 12, 1998. Plastic pots with 9 L capacity filled with Alfisol soil (horizon Ap1) were used. Experimental design was a completely randomized block in a factorial scheme, with three replications. Shoot dry matter, leaf area, mean soil salinity and final soil salinity were evaluated through variance and regression analysis. Salinity tolerance was similar for Gold mine and AF646, with a loss of 6.8% of shoot dry matter for unit increase of electrical conductivity of irrigation water. A similar behavior was observed for leaf area. Irrigation water salinity induced linear effect on mean soil salinity and quadratic effect on final soil salinity.

Neste trabalho, o método de volumes finitos foi utilizado com esquema de discretização mais elaborado, chamado Flux-Spline, a fim de simular numericamente problemas unidimensionais não lineares de infiltração de água em solo hidraulicamente homogêneo não-saturado. Problemas-teste foram apresentados e resolvidos para alguns valores e combinações dos dois parâmetros adimensionais de governo, para demonstrar as vantagens do novo esquema quando comparado ao tradicional esquema de diferença central. Os resultados obtidos mostraram melhor desempenho do esquema quando comparado à diferença central, em todos os casos simulados, demonstrando que o esquema pode ser recomendado para a simulação numérica de movimentação de água em solo hidraulicamente homogêneo não-saturado.<br>In this work the finite volume method was used with an improved scheme of discretization called Flux-Spline, for the numerical study of non-linear problems in uni-dimensional water flow in hydraulically homogeneous unsaturated soil. Test-problems were presented and resolved to some values and combinations of the two governing non-dimensional parameters to demonstrate the advantages of the new scheme when compared to the traditional central difference scheme. The results obtained showed a better performance of the new scheme when compared to the central difference scheme in all simulated cases, demonstrating that the scheme can be recommended for numerical simulation of water movement in hydraulically homogeneous unsatured soil.

The main goal of the article was to discuss the importance of introducing short supply chains in the context of minimizing the adverse effects of traditional supply chains. The paper presents a case study of the Local Product of Malopolska as an example of good practice. When analyzing the concept of shortened supply chains, some significant benefits for agricultural producers, consumers and the region can be noticed. Reduction of the food chain links brings more benefits to farmers, and can contribute to avoiding the Forrester`s effect repercussions. Short food chains can be used to promote a region, as well as organic, local or traditional products. Despite the weaknesses of the local dimension of this concept, the idea contributes to sustainable development, which links economic goals, with social and environmental objectives. Presented reflections do not exhaust the subject, but only signal a topic that requires a holistic approach to the subject. / Synopsis. Celem artykułu była analiza i ocena znaczenia krótkich łańcuchów dostaw w kontekście minimalizowania niekorzystnych zjawisk występujących w klasycznych łańcuchach dostaw. W pracy przedstawiono studium przypadku Produkt Lokalny z Małopolski, jako przykład dobrych praktyk. Analizując koncepcję skróconych łańcuchów dostaw można zauważyć istotne korzyści dla producentów rolnych, dla konsumentów, a także dla regionu. Ograniczenie ogniw łańcucha żywnościowego przynosi więcej korzyści rolnikowi, a dzięki skróceniu łańcucha do minimum można uniknąć reperkusji efektu Forrestera. Krótkie łańcuchy żywnościowe można zastosować do promocji regionu, produkcji ekologicznej, czy też produktów lokalnych i tradycyjnych. Mimo słabych stron jakim jest lokalny wymiar omawianej koncepcji, idea ta przyczynia się do realizacji założeń rozwoju zrównoważonego, która łączy cele ekonomiczne, z celami społecznymi i ochroną środowiska. Przedstawione rozważania nie wyczerpują tematu, a jedynie sygnalizują zagadnienie, które wymaga całościowego podejścia do tej tematyki.

Celem artykułu była analiza i ocena znaczenia krótkich łańcuchów dostaw w kontekście minimalizowania niekorzystnych zjawisk występujących w klasycznych łańcuchach dostaw. W pracy przedstawiono studium przypadku Produkt Lokalny z Małopolski, jako przykład dobrych praktyk. Analizując koncepcję skróconych łańcuchów dostaw można zauważyć istotne korzyści dla producentów rolnych, dla konsumentów, a także dla regionu. Ograniczenie ogniw łańcucha żywnościowego przynosi więcej korzyści rolnikowi, a dzięki skróceniu łańcucha do minimum można uniknąć reperkusji efektu Forrestera. Krótkie łańcuchy żywnościowe można zastosować do promocji regionu, produkcji ekologicznej, czy też produktów lokalnych i tradycyjnych. Mimo słabych stron jakim jest lokalny wymiar omawianej koncepcji, idea ta przyczynia się do realizacji założeń rozwoju zrównoważonego, która łączy cele ekonomiczne, z celami społecznymi i ochroną środowiska. Przedstawione rozważania nie wyczerpują tematu, a jedynie sygnalizują zagadnienie, które wymaga całościowego podejścia do tej tematyki. | The main goal of the article was to discuss the importance of introducing short supply chains in the context of minimizing the adverse effects of traditional supply chains. The paper presents a case study of the Local Product of Malopolska as an example of good practice. When analyzing the concept of shortened supply chains, some significant benefits for agricultural producers, consumers and the region can be noticed. Reduction of the food chain links brings more benefits to farmers, and can contribute to avoiding the Forrester`s effect repercussions. Short food chains can be used to promote a region, as well as organic, local or traditional products. Despite the weaknesses of the local dimension of this concept, the idea contributes to sustainable development, which links economic goals, with social and environmental objectives. Presented reflections do not exhaust the subject, but only signal a topic that requires a holistic approach to the subject. | łańcuch żywnościowy, zarządzanie, zagrożenia, korzyści, produkt lokalny | food chain, management, constraints, benefits, local product | 13 | 155-165 | 2