Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its implications for both agricultural firms and capital lenders. This systematic literature review aims to elucidate emerging trends in addressing climate-related risks in agriculture and credit sectors. Drawing from a rigorous analysis of 39 articles sourced from Scopus and Web of Science databases, three key thematic dimensions have emerged: (i) agricultural lending and credit risk, (ii) green principles and sustainability, and (iii) the context of developing countries. From the impact of climate change on the recoverability of loans to the imperative of transitioning towards a greener and more sustainable economy, alongside the nuanced challenges faced by agriculture in developing countries, we analysed prominent and recent literary approaches. The findings underscore the need to integrate climate change considerations into agricultural and credit policies. Policymakers and financial institutions should prioritize climate education for farmers and promote sustainable financial approaches. Anticipated climate risks will impact lenders’ capital reserves, necessitating portfolio adjustments. A deep understanding of climate change’s interplay with agriculture lending and credit risk is vital, urging proactive policy and practice. Addressing climate challenges in agriculture demands a multifaceted strategy encompassing tailored credit policies, improved access to credit, financial empowerment, and the mitigation of social inequalities. This review highlights the urgent need for proactive strategies to mitigate climate risks and ensure a resilient agricultural sector, emphasizing the crucial role of research and policy interventions in navigating the complex landscape of climate change impacts on agriculture.

This research seeks to contribute to the literature by classifying the operational risks to which companies are exposed and that have an impact on the results of sustainability through taxonomy. This study begins with a systematic literature review that covers 103 documents to build the theoretical constructs and establish the taxonomy; from this, the relationship among the constructs is established through reasoning based on 100 business cases. The results show a relationship between operational risks and corporate sustainability in aspects that generate this link, such as causes and consequences. From this, it is concluded that operational risks could affect corporate sustainability given that, based on case-based reasoning; we found relationship patterns linked by the economic, social, and environmental consequences and temporary effects on companies. The major contribution of this work lies in the proposed classification of operational risks regarding corporate sustainability and the establishment of their relationship. The findings of this study allow the management to classify the operational risk related to sustainability to carry out comprehensive risk management in companies, looking at the effects that this generates in the long term. The main limitation of this research was that the results of the connections can change depending on the analysed case. In addition, the CBR case base includes many sectors of the economy, which is why it provides heterogeneous results. It was identified that the relationship can change if a sectoral analysis is performed.

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with adopting technologies promoting soil conservation in Brazilian family farming in 2017. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to identify these factors to achieve this aim, with the territorial unit of analysis being the 558 Brazilian microregions delineated by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017. The adoption of soil conservation technologies by Brazilian family farming represents a multidimensional phenomenon, which is positively influenced by factors within the socioeconomic context (including access to technical assistance services and credit facilities, as well as participation in collective farmer organizations), as well as characteristics of rural properties (such as water availability and the presence of productive machinery and equipment) and the education level of the farmer. It was observed that adopting such technologies has the potential to contribute to an increase in the country’s Gross Production Value (GPV) of family farmers. The primary theoretical contribution of this study lies in validating factors associated with adopting soil conservation technologies within Brazilian family farming and the importance of family farmers’ participation in collective organizations (cooperatives, technical meetings, and seminars) to access technical assistance and credit services. Furthermore, the practical implications suggest the need for specific public policies, including the establishment of cooperatives and the organization of technical meetings and seminars nationwide, the conservation and preservation of springs and water bodies in rural areas, and the provision of dedicated credit lines for the acquisition of machinery and equipment by family farmers.

Rice cultivation is the main economic livelihood for many families around the world. This activity represents several challenges for farmers and community members for rural sustainability, a cross-cutting element of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN). In response, the Polytechnic University (ESPOL), fulfilling its mission of linking with society, implemented a community program where students and professors interact and collaborate with rice farmers in the rural community of Paipayales, located in the Santa Lucia canton, Guayas province. This article explores the impact of university-community projects through the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach in order to evaluate them as a tool for contributing towards rural sustainability in communities. As a result, it was determined that the main problems faced by most of the farmers of the “Dios con Nosotros” Association are the availability of water in the wells and the commercialization of paddy rice. Considering these problems, the wells were geolocated and a board was designed for proper water management; at the same time, water quality was studied and recommendations were presented according to the problems encountered. Two proposals were also presented to create a rice husker and a rice separator to increase their profit margin by selling rice directly to retailers and wholesalers. As relevant conclusions, the importance of implementing links and relationships between the university community and society was highlighted, guaranteeing the value of working in transdisciplinary teams and achieving a comprehensive intervention that would lead to significant improvements in the community.