Cultural practices and their relationship with type and population trends of fungi in soil of irrigated uplands of Jordan
1988
Zaitoun, S.T.
A study was conducted to monitor and record changes in type and number of propagules of soil inhabiting fungi, resulting from the use of four cultural practices and found in two locations of irrigated uplands of Jordan. The cultural practices (treatments) chosen were open field, soil black plastic mulch, methyl bromide fumigated plastic house and non-fumigated one. Under the normal cropping systems used in irrigated areas and uplands, two seasons of cucumbers were planted. Types of fungi living in soil were isolated and identified to genera and species. In additon, changes in the number of propagules in the four treatments were recorded, for each major fungi encountered. Fungi belonging to 31 different genera and/or species of fungi were isolated. The frequency of the isolated propagule population varied greatly and was grouped into four categories namely: high, medium; low as well as scarce. Most frequently, high frequency isolated fungi belonged to three genera: Cladosporium, Fusarium, Ulocladium, the least frequent belonged to the genera of Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Verticillium. Generally, the number of isolated propagules began to increase one month after the other in all treatments except the fumigated plastic house with methyl bromide administered. The fungi that contributed most to increase in parasitic fungal propagules belonged to the genus Fusarium. Two groups of soil fungi were identified - first promoted by higher temperature including species belonging to the genera of Alternaria, Cladosporum, Fusarium, Phoma and Ulocladium: second - those known to prevail at cooler temperature and belonging to the genera of Pythium and Verticillium. The number of the first group were much more frequent than those of the second
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