Grain characteristics of traditional Basmati varieties of Northwest India
1988
Singh, V.P. | Siddiq, E.A. | Zaman, F.U. | Sadananda, A.R. (Indian Agricultural Research Inst., New Delhi (India). Genetics Div.)
Twenty-three traditional Basmati varieties from Northwest India were collected and studied their grain characteristics. Varieties are divided into two groups. Varieties of group A - HBC-5 (Haryana Basmati collection), HBC-85, Pakistani Basmati (Amritsar), Basmati Kota, and Karnal local - have a growth duration of 145-150 d and are phenotypically similar to Karnal local, which fetches the highest prices in the domestic and export markets. Varieties of 135-140 d duration represent group B. HBC - 30, 40, 45, 46, 85, 98, and 136; Mohabawali, Kanwali, Chanderbani 1 and 2, Niran janpur, and Ramgarh (named after the villages of Dehra - Dun Valley) are phenotypically similar to Basmati 370 whereas Hansrai and N-10B resemble Type-3. Among these cultures, only Basmati 370 and Type-3 have been officially released for cultivation and seed production. Major differences in groups A and B appear to be in growth duration, milled rice length, length-to-breadth ratio, head rice recovery, and alkali spreading value. Difference in head rice recovery could possibly be due to post-harvest handling and mechanical factors, but the lower mean value (38.14%) in group A as compared to group B (47.24%) suggest higher vulnerability of longer grains to breakage. Farmers grow Basmati 370, Type-3 and Karnal local under different names, warranting study of key diagnostic characteristics to establish their identities.
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