Cinnamomum spp.
1990
Rusli, S. | Hamid, A. (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor (Indonesia))
The barks of Cinnamomum spp. are not only used for condiments (culinary) and medicine, but both barks and leaves are also potential sources of essential oils. There are some species of Cinnamomum in Indonesia, providing law materials of essential oils with bright prospects, i.e. Cinnamomum burmanii, C. zeylanicum, C. cassia, C. messoi, C. cullilawan etc. The yield of C. burmanii (medium size) can reach 2.9 kg and 1.45 kg dry bark from its main trunk and its branch, respectively. Eight year old plants can produce + 14 000 kg dry bark per hectare. Up to now are only 2 kinds of cinnamomum oil recognized in international trade, namely the oil of C. zeylanicum and C. cassia. The content of oil varies and depend on tree part, such as trunk bark 3.45 percent, branch bark 2.38 percent, twig bark 1.9 percent and 1.12 percent for the leaves of C. burmanii. There are 3 bark grades of C. burmanii, namely KA, KB and KC, each of them contains 0.86 percent, 0.47 percent and 0.35 percent, respectively. The oil yield of C. zeylanicum ranges from 0.41-1.08 percent. The principal specification distinguishing the oils of C. burmanii and C. zeylanicum is one the optical rotation. The cullilawan bark contains about 1.59 percent oil, while its distillation yield being 1.05 percent of oil, of which eugenol is the main constituent (25 percent). Massoi oil containing primarily massoi lacton, ranges between 1.7-2.4 percent oil yield. The oils of Cinnamomum are usually used in the factory of food, sauces, pickles, confectionary, beverages, dental, pharmaceutical preparations, perfumery etc. (Author)
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