Phytopathological research on Amarelecimento Fatal of oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Paramaribo, Brazil
1991
Martins e Silva, H. (EMBRAPA/CNPSD, Belem-Para (Brazil)) | Chagas Oliveira Freire, F. das (EMBRAPA/CNPCA, Belem-Para (Brazil))
Cultivation of oil palm in Brazil has been restricted by the appearance of an epidemic disease variously defined as "bud rot" and "spear rot". The precise diagnosis of the disease is quite difficult due to the fact that symptoms vary from one area to another as a consequence of differing conditions of climate, soil, vegetation, genetic origin of the plants and so forth. The symptoms of this disease can be confused with those of other diseases that attack the oil palm, such as vascular wilt, red ring disease, dry heart rot as well as disease reached epidemic proportions in the period between 1984 and 1987. The observable symptoms normally begin with a slight chlorosis of the younger leaves, generally the numbers 4 to 10, which is followed by the yellowing of the younger leaves and the drying of the leaflets. In extreme conditions when the disease has reached an advanced stage, humid rot with its characteristic odour occurs and destroys the centre of the crown. In light of the seriousness of the problem the Brazilian Agricultural Research Company - EMBRAPA together with international institutions such as IRHO (Institut de Recherches pour les Huiles et Oleagineux, Paris, France) and HVA (HVA-International bv, Diemen, Netherlands) took up the task of developing studies of the disease. Histopathological studies carried out showed no organisms of mycoplasma (MLO), virus, viroids, rickettsia, protozoan or bacterial type. Since the causal agent has not been identified specific control measures cannot be recommended.
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