Assessing the impact of biological control in plant protection
1992
Teng, P.S. (Hawaii Univ. Consortium for International Crop Protection, 4321 Hartwick Rd., Suite 404, College Park, MD 20740. 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 (USA). Dept. of Plant Pathology) | Hofer, J.
The impact of biological control may be evaluated by estimating the direct and indirect costs associated with the method, as well as the potential benefits accruing from biocontrol at the macro (aggregate) and micro (farm) levels. Macro-level benefits assessment is often required in developing countries to explicitly implement biocontrol through government policy and action while micro-level benefits assessment using biological control of the Asian Corn Borer in the Philippines as an example. At the macro-level, actual data on the distribution, prevalence, incidence and intensity of pest infestation are required, together with data on crop husbandry, crop yield and background populations of natural enemies of the pest. Historical records in the Philippines show Asian cornborer losses ranging from 20 percent-80 percent. In cooperative work between PGBPP and CICP/University of Hawaii, on-farm surveys were conducted for two cropping seasons in 3 regions to estimate field losses caused by the borer in the Philippines. Data on the costs associated with developing a network of facilities to rear the biocontrol agent and the potential benefits from reducing cornborer losses to specific levels will be discussed in detail in the paper. At the micro-level, simulation modeling is one method whereby the biocontrol agent - pest component can be modelled. The biocontrol agent - pest model can then be coupled to crop simulation models such as the CERES MAIZE model, for estimating yield efects with and without biocontrol. The intermediate relationship is the pest-loss simulation, generalized benefits curves may be derived for specific groups of corn cultivars at different levels of pest injury, and at different levels of reduced pest injury resulting from release of parsitoids or predators. The benefits are then compared to the direct costs of releasing the biocontrol agent using Trichogramma evanescens on Ostrinia furnacalis as a case study
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]