Utilization of agricultural by-products, with especial regard to manuring
1992
Nagy, M.
In Hungary, an annual quantity of some 55 million t of by-products is produced in the course of agricultural production, representing ca. 31 million t of organic dry matter. Early maturing maize stalks and fodder straw could be used to replace the produce, i.e. the nutrient value, of a roughage-producing area of at least 100.000 ha a year. A large quantity of maize and sunflower stalks could be used as fuel, as they have a higher calorific value than certain types of Hungarian coal. Finally, the plant nutrients present in by-products could replace 75 % of the NPK requirements of the crops if rationally ploughed into the soil, in which case they would also have a favourable effect on its structure and water management properties. The material costs of the by-products are borne by the main product, but the value gained from them is counted as a cost return when calculating its prime costs. With some additional expenditure they could be a source of substantial income or their use allays costs
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