Chuzan disease as congenital hydranencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome in calves [in Japan]
1991
Miura, Y. (National Inst. of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)) | Kubo, M. | Goto, Y. | Kono, Y.
Chuzan disease, which is characterized by a hydranencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia (HCH) syndrome in calves, took place in the Kyushu district of Japan during the period November 1985 to April 1986. The etiological agent or chuzan virus was isolated from blood of sentinel cattle and Culicoides oxystoma in the period September to October 1985, and classified as a new member of the Palyam subgroup of the genus Orbivirus. The main clinical abnormalities of the disease are impairment of mobility and nervous signs. Almost all the affected calves could not suckle by themselves and some showed control nervous symptoms. Gross lesions of the affected calves were confined to the brain. The HCH syndrome was observed at a high rate. On the basis of virological and sero-epidemiological investigations and experimental infections with pregnant cows, it was confirmed that chuzan virus was the etiologic agent of HCH syndrome of calves. The sero-epidemiological survey indicated that antibody to Chuzan virus was present at a high rate in the the Kyushu district, while it was at a low rate in the Chugoku and shikoku districts. The antibody was not found in the east and northeastern region of Japan. The sero-epidemiological investigations strongly suggested that chuzan virus come to the main islands of Japan from the Southeast Asian countries through Okinawa. To control this disease in Japan, as inactivated vaccine is scheduled for practical use in the field in the near future
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