[Development of agroforestry systems in the Chilean desert and arid and semiarid zone ]
1993
Squella N, Fernando (Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago (Chile). Centro Regional La Platina) | Soto A, Guido (eds.)
The main aim of this report is to notice about the most important aspects of agroforestry systems in Chile. Some of these have got a great technical development and/or great acceptance among the farmers. A first, the desertic zone is described in which some livestock systems based on browse trees species of Prosopis have been developed. At the same time, during the last 20 years, a relevant knowledge about forestry and industrial use of these species had been evolved. Afterwards, those agroforestry systems carried out in the mediterranean zone of Chile analyzed. The first one examines a sheep production system based on annual type pasture and plantations of browse shrubs species of Atriplex. The second one, concerns the "espinal" (Thornbush) of Acacia caven, the most important bush type vegetation in central part of Chile, associated to annual type pasture. Acacia caven has been traditionally utilized as energy resource (firewood) and charcoal. However, leaves and fruits also provide forage to livestock and by the fact of being a Nitrogen fixation tree, regulates importantly the cycle of this element. At last, an agroforestry system is described, including a crop (wheat), a sowed pasture (harding grass and subterranean clover), the annual type pasture, sheep and a plantation of Pinus radiata. This option becomes economically profitable as a consequence of increasing demand for high quality sawlogs in the international market. The multiple use of same site through the combination of crops, livestock and forest could be a useful tool to revise, preserve and confer higher sustainability to production systems, as well as, to give more economic stability to farmers
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