Effects of divided nitrogen nutrition, potassium fertilization and irrigation water on yield and quality of grass and grass-legume mixtures in the Vychodoslovenska Nizina Lowland, Slovakia
1994
Hrezo, F. (Vyskumny Ustav Zavlahoveho Hospodarstva, Somotor (Slovak Republic). Vyskumna Stanica)
The production ability of grass and grass-legume mixtures on reclaimed fluviogenetic soils of the Vychodoslovenska Nizina Lowland, Slovakia, was observed in a field trial in 1988-1989. Variants of divided nitrogen dressing were tested at the following levels: 0, 150, 250, 350, 450 kg.ha** (-1). The last cutting phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were applied in rate of 44 kg and 103 kg.ha** (-1). At the level of 450 N.ha** (-1) the P and K doses were increased by 100 %. The grass growth responded to divided nitrogen (N) dressing with a yield increase of up to 24.1 t.ha** (-1). The optimum N rate for clover-grass is 200, maximum 250 kg N and 450 kg N.ha** (-1) for grass used as fodder for high production milk cows. K is not suitable for autumn fertilizing. It has no effect on crop yield, however, it worsens the tetanic quotient of produced biomass K:(CA+Mg) from 1.7 to 6.0. The suitable time for K application is after the 1st or 2nd cutting, although it is necessary to verify this fact experimentally. It is also necessary to coordinate the complex nutrition of clover-grasses and grasses, and to influence the mass quality in order to comply with the grass cover physiology as well as the possibility of feeding plygastric animals. The high heterogenity of soils has been proved, and it is necessary to respect this fact in relation to the soil-forming substrate. The irrigation regime is fully convenient when soil water is supplemented at the 70 % level of available water capacity. Finally, it is necessary to detect the Ca soil content, and to retain the total pH value with the help of common or ameliorative liming.
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