[Genetic diversity research of maize lines after the irradiation of pollen with physical factors of the various nature]
1994
Prisakari, A. (Institute of Genetics, Kishinev (Republic of Moldova))
The work concentrates on the study of the irradiation of maize line pollen with physical factors of various nature with the aim of enlarging the genetic diversity. A mutagenic activity of low energetic physical factors of the nonionizing nature, i.e. the microwave frequency field of the millimeterwave band and electric field of the commercial frequency has been revealed for the first time at the maize pollen irradiation. The influence of physical factors, including gamma radiation, laser radiation, microwave frequency field and electric field, on the fertilizing capacity of maize pollen is shown in MO. Significant effects of the stimulation are observed at specific regimes of the irradiation with the microwave frequency and electric field. The character of the afteraction of pollen irradiation was studied by the level of seed emergence, plant survival ability, the change in the coming of the plant developmental phenophases in M1. The spectrum and frequency of the mutations isolated in M1-M3 are shown to depend on the nature of the physical factor, its parameters of the irradiation and genotype used. The level of the inheritance of macro- and micromutations in plant and cob through generations was studied. Optimal regimes of pollen irradiation were established with the aim of obtaining mutations of the various type. A technique for the maize pollen treatment was developed which provides the enhacement of its fertilizing capacity. Based on the investigation carried out above 200 mutant lines with a complex of economic traits have been obtained and delivered to breeding institutions to be applied for practical purposes.
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