Now data on the swarming of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) Hom.: Coccoidea) males and scale parasitoids
1996
Kozar, F. | Konczne Benedicty, Zs. (Magyar Tud. Akad., Budapest (Hungary). Novenyvedelmi Kutatoint)
In studies on the flight of San Jose scales males the pheromone traps can be successfully used, even at low individual densities. The begin of flight of males was similar to those of the earlier years; in warmer parts of the country it commenced by the first week of May, in the nothern, cooler parts only by third week of the same month. In warmer regions of Hungary a third swarming was observed in the period 1992-1994. The trap catches that remained below 100 specimens per week indicated very low individual densities, where the infestation on fruits stayed under 1. The pheromone traps collected also the adults of the specialized endoparasitoid Encarsia perniciosi, whose first, flight began only after the San Jose scale male swarming; on the catches at least 3 generations of the parasitoid could be observed. In those orchards were the red pear scale (Epidiaspis leperii) occurred in higher densities also the ectoparasitoid Aphytis proclia could be collected in considerable numbers. In case of integrated plant protection the parasitoid occurred in higher numbers throughout the growing season. Planting of nectariferous plants in Kecskemet-Szarkas orchard failed to increase the density of parasitoids
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