[Fattening and carcass traits of dairy cattle]

Fattening and carcass traits of calves and bulls of the Slovakian Spotted Cattle and holsteinized breeds (HCN) were followed for 100, 423 and 500 days. In the group of Slovakian Spotted Cattle (SSC) calves live weight increased by 5.24 percent, dressing percentage by 3.58 percent, muscle proportion in carcass side by 1.30 percent. Compared with the HCN, Slovakian Spotted Cattle calves had lower bone proportion by 0.25, total inner and intramuscular fat by 2.40 percent. In the second experiment, SSC bulls achieved higher live weight increase by 9.60 percent (in own fattening by 12.2 percent), net weight gain (720 g) higher by 89 g, dressing percentage by 4.91 percent, muscle proportion in carcass side by 2.66 percent and lower weight of bones by 1.50 percent compared with HCN bulls. In the 3rd experimental fattening (age 500 days) the SSC bulls had higher increasing of live weight by 7.62 percent, dressing percentage by 3.45 percent, muscle proportion in carcass side by 1.12 percent, fat by 0.90 percent and bones by 0.23 percent compared with HCN bulls. The significant differences between groups of SSC bulls, holsteinized breed with crossbreds F101, F11 (4th experimental fattening) and bulls of SSC, holsteinized breed with crossbreds from combination crossing F101, F11 and upgrading (F111, F1111 - 5th experimental fattening) showed there were differences not only in the spread of increasing of live weight during the life. Crossbreds from combination crossing and upgrading and holsteinized bulls had higher growth intensity during initial growth periods (till 12th month of age). The bulls of SSC had opposite growth intensity. This is confirmed by calculated parameters of growth curves. The SSC bulls had the longest autoacceleration period, they had inflection point in 10.38 month of age, at live weight 201.18 kg. HCN bulls had inflection point 43.9 days earlier with higher live weight by 39.62 percent compared with SSC bulls. Crossbreds had higher age by 15.23 percent and 37.17 percent versus live weight in inflection point of holsteinized bulls. Index of early maturity (k) of crossbreds F11, F101 and SSC bulls was calculated to be 0.1592, 0.1060, and 0.0663. The holsteinized bulls achieved it by 23.05 percent later. Analysis of correlation of body measurements with live weight showed that the animals grew unevenly. It was estimated by allometry that the chest depth, chest width, chest girth, fore pelvis width, semicircumference of back, circumference of thigh grew allometrically positive (a great than 1/3) in all genotype groups of bulls. Holsteinized sires influence negatively in crossbreeding the carcass value and qualitative composition. Crossbreds (all besides F101) produce and deposit significantly more fat of all kinds at the expense of meat parts in carcass side. The increased creation of fat is caused by higher number of fat cells of the kidney tissue on the unit of area. Their number in SSC bulls was 12.9 10E9, in holsteinized bulls 23.4 10E9. In basic chemical composition of MLD no significant difference was found between groups of bulls. Significant differences were found only in fat content of holsteinized bulls and crossbreds F11. Bulls of SSC had fat content in MLD 1.69 g per 100 d. Crosses F11, F111, F1111 generations were influenced by sires of holsteinized breed. There are relatively balanced in pH24 value (5.59 - 5.74) which eliminate the occurrence of qualitative deviations DFD meat. Bulls of SSC reached highest water holding capacity i.e. 67.76 g per 100 g. Bulls of holsteinized and their crossbreds F11, F111, F1111 generation had smallest water holding capacity in MLD. This trend was observed also in cooking losses. The meat colour (expressed in brightness remission in percent) was as follows: holsteinized breed - 8.88 percent, crossbreds F11, F111, F1111 generation 8.40 - 9.00 percent, crossbreds F101 generation 10.10 percent and the SSC bulls achieved the highest value 10.82 percent.