Effects of various fat sources supplemented in broiler and laying hen rations

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of various fat sources (crude palm oil, palm stearin, palm olein, soybean oil, tallow and tuna oil) supplemented in the diets on growth and laying performances. In experiment 1 and 2, 336 and 288 of one-day old broiler chicks (CP 707) were used consecutively to examine the effect of 6 percent various kinds of fat and 4 percent of differing combination of palm stearin and tuna oil supplemented in the diets on growth performance and laying performance were determine from 240 laying hens (Isa Brown, age 24 weeks) in experiment 3. All experimental diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Each experiment was allocated using completly randomized design. The results in broiler experiment showed that either supplementing the vegetable and animal fat or a combination of them in the diets did not affect feed intake and percentage of carcass composition, but feed conversion was improved (p.01). When compared to the control, the fat supplemented groups tended to have higher weight gain (p.05). It was found in laying hen experiment that the types of fat sources supplemented in the diets were significantly different in feed intake per kg egg produced (P.01) and egg mass (P.05). The egg mass of soybean oil supplemented group was higher than that of tuna oil treated groups. However, a combination of palm stearin and tuna oil at 2:2 percent in the diet improved egg mass (P.05). The sources of fat supplementation in laying hen diets did not affect egg production, egg weight, feed intake, feed intake per dozen egg produced, egg quality, egg composition and cholesterol content in serum and egg yolk when compared to the control group (P.05). The experiments revealed that when compared to the control group, the broiler diets supplemented with 6 percent soybean oil, 4 or 6 percent tuna oil obtained higher feed cost per kg body weight gain (P.01) was similar in laying hen rations which supplemented with 4 percent palm olein or tuna oil provided greater feed cost per kg egg produced (P.01). The fatty acid compositions of dietary lipids affected the adipose tissue more than the egg yolk. Fatty acid compositions in adipose tissue and egg yolk were more dominantly influenced from unsaturated than saturated dietary fatty acids.