Reflexions about the Vanilla Orchids [Nigritella] and their hybrids | Considerations sur les Nigritelles et les hybrides qu'elles forment entre elles
1999
Gerbaud, O.
The systematics of the Vanilla Orchids (Nigritella) has been recently questioned by genetic studies that conclude on the integration of the Vanilla Orchids in the genus Gymnadenia. The creation of a subgenus Nigritella, assembling the Vanilla Orchids inside the genus Gymnadenia is proposed as well as a new combination for Gymnadenia cenisia. Hypotheses are made on the genetic possibilities of transmission of the apomixy and on some phylogenetic consequences of that process. The five hybrids presently known between Vanilla Orchids are presented, two already described: Gymnadenia x wettsteiniana (= ?G. rhellicani x G. rubra) and Gymnadenia x delphineae (= G. corneliana x G. rhellicani ) for which a new combination is made, and three new, here described: Gymnadenia x eggerana (= G. austriaca var. gallica x G. rhellicani), Gymnadenia x robatschiana (= G. cenisia x G. rhellicani ), and Gymnadenia x breinerorum (= G. cenisia x G. corneliana). The problem of the identification of the «red Vanilla Orchids» in the French Alpine zone is evoked. G. rubra (= Nigritella rubra = N. miniata auct.) does not seem to be present in that area. Individuals determined as Gymnadenia rubra in France are, in fact, G. corneliana var. bourneriasii, G. cenisia or occasionnal hybrids between that taxa and, probably, also with G. rhellicani.
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