Epidemiological and molecular genetics in human obesity | Genetique epidemiologique et moleculaire de l'obesite humaine
2000
Iron, A. (Universite de Bordeaux 2 (France). Laboratoire de Pathologie Moleculaire et de Therapie Genique)
Obesity is a common and major human pathology with numerous and severe complications. The epidemiological approach aims at studying the pathology at the population level. Nowadays, all over the world, there are about 250 millions of obese people (with a BMI up to 30 kg/m2). In France, obesity concerns from 7 to 10 percent of the adult population of the two sexes. Epidemiological studies can also lead to formulate hypothesis on the pathophysiology and the genetics of obesity. Analysis of heritability, segregation and genotype-environment interactions allow to precise the genetic contribution in the occurrence of human obesity. Over the last years, progress in the field of molecular genetics of obesity has been noted, owing to the elaboration of animal models, the use of the quantitative trait loci (QTL), association studies, polymorphisms and candidate genes analysis. Despite the fact that there are now some genes with major effect on obesity, on the map of the human genome, the number of loci and genes related to adiposity is dramatically increasing. So, obesity remains a model of complexity in multifactorial pathologies in human beings
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