Utilization of genetic resources in aquaculture: a farmer's view for sustainable development
1999
Wang, Y.L. (P.O. Box 4097, South Lake Tahoe, California 96157 (USA))
Aquaculture, as practiced today, uses many species and relies significantly on wild genetic resources. One of the most economically important aquaculture industries, shrimp farming, is discussed in this paper as an example. There are aspects of shrimp farming that may have strong influences on natural biodiversity, such as the introduction of alien species, movement of diseased stock, and farming practices, which use materials that may have impacts on the environment. It is important to formulate policies and to make recommendations to encourage the development of suitable technologies that properly address the needs of both aquaculture and the conservation of aquatic genetic resources. The domestication of aquaculture species, increasing utilization of recirculating or low exchange systems, and sensible utilization of genetic resources are some of the most critical areas for consideration in shrimp farming. The future growth of aquaculture and the potential impacts that it might have on aquatic genetic resources will depend greatly on the formulation of correct and sensible policies. Such policies must consider both the future development of aquaculture and the protection of nature, biodiversity and the environment. Policies which encourage responsible action, such as reduction in dependency on natural genetic material, and the thoughtful and careful introduction and movement of farm stocks, will achieve far greater results toward this goal. The possible positive impact that aquaculture might have on the conservation of aquatic genetic resources through relieving pressure from fisheries cannot be overlooked
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