Study on somaclonal variation of some Thai soybean cultivars through somatic embryogenesis
1994
Gulvadee Chaiyaprasithi
Somatic embryos were induced from immature cotyledons of soybean cv. "Chiang Mai 60" (CM 60) and "Sukhothai 1" (SK1) cultured on an induction medium containing three levels of NAA at 7.5, 15 and 20 mg/l. Embryoid formation, embryoid characteristics and plantlet regeneration were influenced by several factors viz. soybean genotype, cotyledon size, induction period and NAA concentration. The best concentration of NAA for both cultivars in embryoid production and regeneration was 20 mg/l. CM 60 produced more somatic embryos which were converted into plantlets in a higher frequency than SK 1. Seven R0 plants were finally regenerated from tissue culture. No variation from the original cultivars was detected. A total of 694 R1 seeds set on the R0 plants were sown to compare with seed-derived plants. The R1 lines were observed to have a slight variation in germination frequency, number of leaflets per leaf, pubescence density, pubescence color, maturity date, mature pod color and seed coat surface lustre. Some R1 lines showed statistically variation from control plants in stem determination, leaflet size, leaflet shape, plant height at flowering, plant height at maturity, number of nodes per plant, number of primary branches per plant, days to flowering, number of pods per plant, total seeds and 100 seed weight. Within the lines, there were also some plants showing dwarfness, multiple shoots, late maturity, wrinkled leaves plants, variegated leaves, lanceolate leaves, complete and partial sterility.
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