Research of new strategies of date palm multiplication (Phoenix dactylifera L.) | Recherche de nouvelles strategies de multiplication du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
2000
Ben-Abdallah, A.
Our work analyzes different strategies of propagation of four Tunisian female cultivars of date palm (Allig, Deglet Nour, Kentichi and Menakher). Two tissue culture techniques (somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis) had been compared. Organogenesis proved to be little effective, while embryogenesis was applied with success. Periods of explants harvest favorable for obtaining embryogenic calluses have been specified in the conditions of Tozeur (south of Tunisia). The somatic embryogenesis protocol was improved during the phases of embryogenic callus induction, somatic embryos germination, and adaptation. In a second part, possibilities of apomixis induction were explored. Plants obtained by pollination with irradiated pollen analyzed by flow cytometry were mainly diploids. The genetic nature of these plants (doubled haploids, or apomixis maternal origin or hybrids) is discussed. In a second approach for apomixis, gibberellic acid (AG3) induced date palm fructification when applied without pollination. Seeds, obtained through GA3 treatments, grew normally, contained a kernel and a viable embryo and exhibited 80/ germination. The germinated plantlets appeared diploid. Histological studies showed, that self pollination was absent and these plants may have an apomictic origin. Exploratory results excluding true to type multiplication are discussed. Our work concludes to the best adequacy so far of somatic embryogenesis to meet the immediate imperatives for rapid multiplication of date palm. At the long term, production of seed without sexual hybridization opens original perspectives, as well for the multiplication as for the genetic improvement of date palm.
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