Phylogenetic studies of the Vietnamese native ducks, one of the Asian duck populations based on the blood protein polymorphisms

A total of 214 blood samples was taken from the Co of Vietnamese native ducks at the five locations of southern Vietnam around Mekong delta and analyzed on blood protein polymorphisms by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among the Asian duck populations. Genetic variations were observed in plasma esterase-1 (Es-1), plasma esterase-3 (Es-3), erythrocyte esterase-4 (Es4), erythrocyte esterase-D2 (Es-D2), plasma post albumin-1 (Pa1), erythrocyte acid phosphatase-2 (Acp-2), plasma leucine aminopeptidase-2 (LAP-2), plasma posttransferrin-1 (Ptf-1) and plasma postalbumin-4 (Pa-4). A new band of postalbumin-4 )Pa-4) was observed in the anodal position outside of A band in the Co, and was designated as C band. It is assumed that the band is controlled by the third allele Pa-4C. The frequency of Pa-4C was at a low level (0.091). The frequency of LAP-2A allele in the Co ducks was higher than those in the other populations of ducks. Frequency of Es-1A allele in the Co ducks was lower than those in the other populations of ducks. The frequency of Acp-2B allele in the Co ducks was the highest among the populations of the ducks. A dendrogram was drawn by unweighted pair group method based on Nei's genetic distances among the populations. A three-dimension scatter diagram was drawn, where the position of the breeds and populations were defined by the first three principal components of the distance matrix based on variance-covariance analysis. The Co is genetically different from Northeast Asian duck breeds and Indonesian native ducks. It is suggested that the Co descended from different origins of mallards from Northeast Asian and Indonesian native ducks