Effect of lead and cadmium on callus growth and dry matter content in zygotic embryo culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
1999
Sesek, S.S. | Kondic, A.Dj. | Kastori, R.R. (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Yugoslavia))
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lead and cadmium on callus growth and callus tissue dry matter content. Five concentrations of Pb and Cd were studied: 10E-7, 10E-6, 10E-5, 10E-4, and 10E-3 M nutrient medium. Calluses obtained from mature zygotic embryos were grown on a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) nutrient medium. Callus tissue growth was observed during cultivation, and then, 30 days after isolation, callus fresh weight and dry matter content were measured. The measurements showed that there were significant differences between lead and cadmium regarding their effects on callus induction, callus growth, and callus tissue dry matter content. When lead and cadmium were applied at the highest concentration (10E-3 M), callus fresh weight decreased significantly (by 42% with lead and 87% with cadmium) relative to the control, which was not treated with heavy metals. However, the same concentration increased callus tissue dry matter content by 9.2% (lead) and 9.8% (cadmium). In relation to the control, this was an increase by 22.7% and 30.7%, respectively. The effects of the other, lower concentrations, were considerably less pronounced, although the 10E-6 concentration of lead and cadmium did have a stimulative effect on callus tissue growth.
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