Socioeconomic and biophysical characterization of rainfed versus irrigated rice production in Myanmar
2000
Garcia, Y.T. | Hossain, M. and Garcia, A.G.
Myanmar's rainfed rice land covers 79% of its total cultivated rice area, which translates into about 4 million hectares, one of the largest in the world. Because of a lack of irrigation facilities, rice is generally grown once a year during the monsoon season. A study in the Ayeyarwardy Delta, a major rice-producing area in southern Myanmar, was conducted to characterize the different production systems of rice farmers. The study also investigated the operations of the output and input (i.e. land, labor, and capital) markets and how farmers' access to these markets shaped the distribution of income and resources in the village economy. The biophysical and socioeconomic factors leading to the adoption of new rice-based technologies, such as summer rice, double monsoon rice, the use of high-yielding varieties, and rice-fish culture, were identified. Furthermore, biotic and abiotic factors that significantly constrained rainfed rice production were evaluated in terms of reduction in rice yield and productivity. Alternative management practices and policy options were proposed to help minimize the adverse effects of the these constraints.
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