Spread of Erwinia amylovora in Yugoslavia (1989-2000) and control measures
2001
Gavrilovic, V. (Institut za zastitu bilja i zivotnu sredinu, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)) | Arsenijevic, M. | Panic, M. | Jovanovic, G.
Erwinia amylovora was experimentally confirmed as a parasite of quince in Yugoslavia, in the vinicity of Sabac, 1989. During 1989-2000, the pathogen dispersed considerably embracing all of important orchard regions. Over this period, the pathogen was experimentally established on apple, pear, quince, medlar in all orchard regions of central Serbia. Erwinia amylovora was registered as a parasite of pear, field ach, medlar, quince and apple in southern Serbia. In this region, various pomaceaous trees have been eradicated on about 150 ha. The pathogen was determined as a pathogen of apple, pear and quince in Vojvodina, and pear in Montenegro. Fire blight was registered in the following pear cultivars: William, Kaludjerska, Passe Crassane, Saint Maria, Moretini, Packham's triumph, June Beauty. Severe infection occurred on the following pear cultivars: Idared, Jonathan, Gloster and slightly weaker in the cultivars such as: Ionagold, Melrose, Mantet, Granny Smith, Fuji. The quince cultivars Leskovacka and Vranjska as well as domestic medlar were highly susceptible to Erwinia amylovora. In southern Serbia, Erwinia amylovora was registered on parent trees and seedlings of various pear and apple cultivars. Pyracantha coccinea (fire thorn), Cotoneaster horisontalis (cotoneaster), Chaenomeles japonica (Japanese flowering quince) proved to be host to Erwinia amylovora among ornamental plants in Yugoslavia. Erwinia amylovora was also isolated from the diseased plants as a pathogen of hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) in Banat and Sumadija region. Control measures involve law regulatives and mechanical ones with obligatory pruning tool desinfection with ethil-alcohol, Na hypochloride or formalin. It is desirable to eradicate ornamental and spontaneous plants near the fruit tree orchards and to remove individual, diseased fruit trees in home gardens. The application of bactericide for the control of Erwinia amylovora was of no importance up to now. One should pay a special attention to the utilization of compounds on the basis of copper, antibiotics and synthetic bactericides.
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