Influence of abiotic stresses on the yield, seed and root traits at winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)
2003
Blaha, L. (Vyzkumny Ustav Rostlinne Vyroby, Prague (Czech Republic)) | Hnilicka, F. | Horejs, P. | Novak, V. (Ceska Zemedelska Univ., Prague (Czech Republic). Agronomicka Fakulta)
Divergences of sensitivity of different winter wheat cultivars - Astella, Estica, Ilona, Samanta, Olga, Patria, Plodna, Sarka - to abiotic stresses, i.e. to standard level of nutrients, low level of nutrients, drought and low pH, drought and high temperature, combination of drought, high temperature and low pH, were analysed. Abiotic stress factors affected significantly the yield, root traits and seed traits. In the next generation of sprouting plants they affected especially the number of root tips and branches, and the length of the root system. The cultivars Patria, Olga and Samanta were cultivars with good tolerance, while Plodna and Estica were cultivars with low tolerance to abiotic stresses. Significant differences (P0.05) among analysed cultivars were only in four traits: harvest index, number of spikelets per spike, weight of thousand grains and spike length. It is evident from the results with combustion heat calorimetry that seed stock produced from plants grown under abiotic stress conditions decrease very significantly the energy concentration in dry matter, which leads to a decrease of germinating power and changes in plant growth in the following generation. The sensitivity of winter wheat cultivars to abiotic stresses is a very important trait. The response of cultivars to stress conditions may be improved via plant breeding.
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