Phosphorus fertilization for corn production in the acid upland soils of Bukidnon [Philippines]
2003
Duque, C.M. | Cagmat, R.B. | Mugot, I.O. | Blamey, F.P.C.
The poor growth of plants due to inherent infertility of acid upland soils of the tropics and subtropics requires the need for technology management strategies for these types of soils. Hence, through funding from the Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). Central Mindanao University (Philippines) established three demonstration plots for P fertilization in the corn areas of Dangcagan, Bukidnon. The activity was part of the PCARRD [Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines] and ACIAR-funded project "Management of Phosphorus for sustainable food crop production on acid upland soils in Australia, Philippines, and Vietnam". The technology demonstrated was based on the results of field experiments conducted from 1997 to 2000 in the acid upland soils of Barangay [village] Bantuanon, Lantapan, Bukidnon. The technology consisted of applying 50 kg P/ha (equivalent to 114 kg P2O5/ha) mixed with 100 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha K of acid soils planted to corn. For P, two options were tested. The first option was applying 25 kg P from chicken manure and 25 kg P from DAP (days after planting). This option required the application of 2.2 bags urea (46-0-0), 2.5 bags DAP (8-46-0), 1.2 bags muriate of potash (MOP, 0-0-60), and 1.087 kg chicken manure. The second option was that 50 kg P came entirely from DAP. This option required the application of 3.3 bags urea, 5 bags DAP, and 1.2 bags MOP per hectare of corn field. Lime was also applied to address the adverse effect of soil acidity on the availability of nutrients to plants. For technologies demonstrated, fertilizers were applied in band in the furrow and covered with thin layer of soil. For farmers' practice, fertilizer was applied in band but not covered with soil. Corn hybrids used were Ayala 8314 for Kapalaran site, Pioneer 3014 for Bugwak Site, and GSI 40 for Miaray site. In Barangay Kapalaran, Dangcagan, Bukidnon, highest grain yield of 5,274 kg/ha was obtained from applying 25 P from chicken manure and 25 kg P from DAP. Grain yield from this option was higher by 26.75%, higher than the yield from applying 50 kg P from DAP. Applying 25 kg P from chicken manure and 25 kg P from DAP was higher by 84% than the grain yield from the farmers' practice of applying 128.5 kg N/ha and 23.65 kg P/ha. The fertilizer application scheme under the farmers' practice was two bags 16-20-0 plus one bag of 18-46-0 prior to sowing and three bags of 46-0-0 applied as side dress 30 days after germination (DAG). In Barangay Bugwak, Dangcagan, Bukidnon, yields obtained from options 1 and 2 fertilization schemes were higher by 62.07% and 19.5%, respectively, over those obtained from the farmers' practice of applying 82.9 kg N, 17.2 kg P, and 46.5 kg K/ha. The fertilizer application scheme under farmers' practice was 2 bags 18-46-0 and 2 bags 14-14-14 before sowing and 4 bags 46-0-0 as side dress 30 DAG. In Barangay Miaray, Dangcagan, Bukidnon, the yield obtained from the farmers' practice of applying 148 kg N/ha, 25 kg P/ha, and 47 kg K/ha, is comparable to the yields obtained from technologies demonstrated
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