Influence of crop management technologies and practices on IPM [integrated pest management] strategies in WDSR [wet direct-seeded rice]
2003
Rillon, G.S. | de Dios, J.L. | Marquez, L.V. | Malabayabas, M.D. | Corpuz, A.A. | Espiritu, A.J. (Philippine Rice Research Inst., Maligaya, Munoz, Nueva Ecija (Philippines). Central Experiment Station)
This study addresses common pest problems associated in integrated crop management technologies and practices in direct-seeded rice, with emphasis on nutrient and water management. A field experiment was set up at PhilRice CES [Philippine Rice Research Inst., Maligaya, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Central Experiment Station] using three fertilizers and two water management treatments. To identify pest problems, sampling for insect populations and measurements of LCC [leaf color chart] index started one month after direct seeding and weekly thereafter until heading stage. Similar levels of total pests and natural enemies were present in the different treatments, including green and zigzag leafhoppers, whitebacked and brown planthoppers, and semi-loopers; natural enemies were spiders, Micraspis, Cyrthorinus, Opionea, and many hymenopterous insects. Stem borer damage estimates in the vegetative stage of the crop did not differ. No foliar disease problems broke out owing to tungro, sheath blight, or narrow brown spot, but bakanae (2.50-10.50%) and bacterial leaf blight (15.00-22.50%) were present. Golden apple snails were negligible during the DS [dry season] hence no molluscicide was used. Pre-emergence herbicides effectively controlled weeds in both water management treatments as shown by the assessment of weed cover. However, rats became a major problem during the vegetative stage (19.20 to 25.24%), although no significant patterns were observed among the treatments. The treatments followed the same trend of the leaf color index, which was initially high (2.9-3.0), maybe due to the application of N at 12 and 30 DAS [days after sowing]. Yields did not significantly differ with regard to water management treatments and fertilizer levels. To improve seedling establishment during the wet season, land levelling must be very even prior to seeding. Birds eat seeds before they sprout,or pull sprouts that emerge. Studies must be conducted on the bird problem
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