Main factors affecting extension activities: A case study in Malakand agency [Pakistan]
2003
Akram, M. | Pervaiz, U. | Ashraf, H. (NWFP Agricultural Univ., Peshawar (Pakistan). Dept. of Agricultural Extension Education and Communication)
Extension education is not a new subject its history goes back to the time of our Prophet when he got the message from God through angel "Recite thou in the name of the Lord, Who has created (everything, O Prophet)". Moreover, the history of developed nations shows that their development is positively correlated with extension services. The diffusion of technologies and new knowledge is possible only through efficient and adequate extension services. The present study focuses on the main factor affection extension activities with particular reference to Malakand Agency. The main objectives of the study were (i) to analyze the main factors affection extension activities and (ii) to suggest ways and means for the improvement of agricultural productivity. The study was based on the analysis of primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained mainly through the administration of a carefully designed questionnaire to the sample of 100 farmers randomly selected from 5 locations (Heroshah, Dargai, Sakhakot, Palay, Thana) both from Sam Ranizai and Swat Ranizai of Malakand Agency. During field survey 73 respondents reported lack of extension staff as a main factor affecting extension activities in their area. 61 reported negligence of extension department as a factor, 44 respondents felt lack of road as a factor, while 41 reported lack of transport as a factor affecting extension activities in their area. It was concluded that the acute shortage of qualified extension workers, small size of land holding, lack of education, farmer's interest, lack of infrastructure and defective marketing system have been some of the major factors affecting the diffusion of new agricultural technologies in the project area.
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