Effect of chemical treatments on the production of furfural and active carbon from rice husks
2002
Shafiq, S.
Rice husks were used as raw material for the production of furfural and active carbon. Simple distillations of this raw material was carried out in the presence of 16% H2SO4 and HCl at different digestion time (100 and 140 minutes) with different solid liquid ratios (1:3, 1:5 and 1:10) and with 4% of different salt catalysts (NaCl, CaCl2, AICl3 and ZnCl2). Effect of different acids, time periods, solid liquid ratios and different salt catalysts by processing with simple distillation on the yields of furfural and active carbon as well as on the adsorption capacity of active carbon was observed. It is found that the percentage yield of furfural increased by increasing the digestion period for HCl. However, the yield of active carbon decreased by increasing the time period, for both acids, while the adsorption capacity followed the opposite trend. It was further observed that the higher percentages of fez-feral was obtained with sulphuric acid with 1:5 liquid ratio by using AlCl3 as a salt catalyst, Similarly a better quality active carbon having higher adsorption efficiency was obtained with sulphuric acid for 100 min. digestion with 1:5 solid liquid ratio by using NaCl as a salt catalyst. The study revealed that sulphuric acid as compared to HCI is a better hydrolyzing / activating agent for the complete utilization of rice husks to prepare high quality furfural and active carbon. The study showed that the maximum yield of furfural was obtained with 16% sulphuric acid at 100 min digestion period and with 1:5 solid liquid ratio with AlCl3 as a salt catalyst where as maximum yield of active carbon was obtained with H2SO4 at 100 min. Digestion period, with 1:3 solid liquid ratio with AICl3. Maximum adsorption capacity was obtained with sulphuric acid at 140 min digestion period, with 1:3 solid liquid ratio by using, NaCl as a salt catalyst by processing with simple distillation.
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