Effect of sowing date and competition with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) sown on the seed emergence and growth of horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.)
2004
Nishida, T. (National Inst. of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)) | Harashima, N. | Kitahara, N. | Shibata, S. | Kitagawa, M. | Yamamoto, Y.
Synopsis NISHIDA, T., N. HARASHIMA, N. KITAHARA, S. SHIBATA, M. KITAGAWA and Y. YAMAMOTO (2004): Effect of sowing date and competition with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) sown on the seed emergence and growth of horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.). Grassland Science 49, 555-562. The effect of sowing date and competition with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) on the seed emergence and growth of horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.) was in-vestigated. Horsenettle seeds were sown in plastic containers that were filled with soil and placed outdoors. The sowings were conducted at approximately monthly intervals from April through August in 1996 under conditions with (OG) and without (BARE) orchardgrass sown in April 1996. With the exception of July sowing, cumulative percentages of emergence for horsenettle approximately two months after sowing in BARE were 80% or higher for all sowings. In OG, the emergence percentages for April and May sowings were higher than 45%, while the percentages for the remainder were nearly zero. Most of the seedlings for April through June sowings in BARE overwintered and re-sprouted in May 1997. In OG, almost no re-sprouted shoots were observed in any of the sowings. It was found that the earlier the seeds were sown, the greater the horsenettle growth was in September 1996 and May 1997. This trend was prominent in BARE. The horsenettle growth in OG was much less than that in BARE. The trend of horsenettle growth in September agreed well with that of the re-sprouted shoot number in May of the next year. From these findings, it was suggested that horsenettle seedlings rarely become established in pastures thick with orchardgrass.
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