Genetic management of barley net blotch in Russia
2004
Afanasenko, O. (All - Russia Research Inst. of Plant Protection, Saint Petersburg (Russian Federation))
One of the most widely distributed and harmful diseases of barley in Russia is net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres Drechs. Genetic management of this disease is based on the data of virulence diversity, geographical spread of fungal populations, natural selection in P. teres populations, availability of genetic diversity of barley resistance and effectiveness of resistance genes in different geographic regions. The comparative studies of the geographically remote (the European part and Far East of Russia, and Latvia, Belorussia, Germany, Poland, Czech, Slovakia) and local (on the territory of one region) P. teres populations were carried out in 1977 - 2001. Considerable differences between remote and local P. teres populations were found. Influence of host-genotype on natural selection in P. teres populations was determined. On the cultivars with high level of non-specific resistance simple races were dominant during the whole growing season. Evaluation of more than 6000 barley accessions from Vavilov's Plant Industry Institute permitted to create a collection of more than 300 sources of barley resistance to P. teres. Most resistant accessions were found among barleys from centers of barley - pathogen co-evolution. Number and similarity of resistance genes in 28 barley accessions were determined by using P. teres isolates from different origins (Russia, Czechia, USA, Canada, Australia). In each barley accession genes effective against all isolates tested, and genes with partly effectiveness to some of them were determined. Territorial gene distribution in the main agriculture regions in Russia was proposed
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